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EN
Using recently released record groups in the National Archives, Prague, the author considers the history of the University of 17 November (Univerzita 17. listopadu), focusing on the lives of foreign students amongst the local inhabitants of the Czechoslovak Socialist Republic in the 1960s and early 1970s. The University of 17 November operated in Prague and then in Bratislava from 1961 to 1974 as an educational institution for students from the ‘Third World’, but also as training centre for Czechoslovak experts heading out to developing countries. Its existence was also linked with Czechoslovak attempts to gain a foothold in Africa, motivated ideologically, politically, and economically. It was established with the expectation that graduates from the university would become emissaries of Czechoslovak interests in their home countries.
PL
W tekście autor analizuje dwa spośród zachowanych filmów zrealizowanych przez Aleksandra Forda przed 1939 rokiem: „Sabry” (1933) i „Drogi młodych” („Mir kumen on”, 1936). Celem analizy jest wykazanie obecności w nich wyraźnych śladów ideologii internacjonalizmu komunistycznego, stojących w sprzeczności z ideą bucharinowskiego socjalizmu w jednym kraju, realizowaną przez Forda w „Młodości Chopina” (1951) i poniekąd w „Krzyżakach” (1960). Rachwald bada obecność wątków etnicznych w wymienionych filmach, zwracając uwagę na wskazaną przez Forda siłę więzi klasowych oraz słabość i tymczasowość więzi etnicznych i narodowych. W tle tych obserwacji umieszczam praktykę zmieniania nazwiska przez twórców pochodzenia żydowskiego pracujących w polskim przemyśle filmowych dwudziestolecia międzywojennego (Ford, Waszyński). Efektem jest profil ideowy młodego reżysera, bliższego wówczas, mimo zaangażowania w KPP, Drugiej, a nie Trzeciej Międzynarodówce.
EN
In the article the author analyses two of the surviving films by Aleksander Ford made before 1939: „Sabra” (1933) and „Children Must Laugh” („Mir kumen on”, 1936). The aim of the analysis is to demonstrate the presence in them of traces of communist ideology of internationalism, standing in contradiction with Bukharin’s idea of the Socialism in One Country implemented by Ford in „Young Chopin” (1951) and to some extent in the „Teutonic Knights” (1960). Rachwald examines the presence of ethnic themes in these films, noting that Ford pointed to the strength of bonds existing within social class and the weakness and transience of bonds based on ethnicity and nationality. Given this, the author also points out to the practice of changing one’s surname common among the artists with Jewish background (e.g. Ford, Waszyński) working in the Polish film industry in the interwar period. In conclusion the article presents an ideological profile of a young director, who despite his engagement with the Polish Communist Party, at the time was closer to the Second and not the Third International.
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