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PL
The Author of the essay asks the following question: do parents have licentia rhetorica for talking about their experience? In her analysis she primarily focuses on an Internet magazine „Bachor. Bezradnik dla nieudacznych rodziców („Brat. Helpless-guide for looser–parents”) which represents a very particular way of talking about the child, a way which varies from parents’ standard linguistic behaviour. The Author traces the fragments which include intentionally created non–literality and subsequently proceeds to reconstruct the types of reception she observed. At the same time, the Author ponders on the reasons why some recipients resist the possibility of nonliteral reading or why they object to it – and, as a result, read messages literally. The considerations are presented in a broader perspective of the reflection upon the media motivated social and cultural transformations of rhetorical standards of talking about the child.
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EN
The article’s focus is on the creation of the notion of divorce in online legal discourse. The study material comes from an Internet forum discussing legal issues. The analysis shows that divorce is generally presented as a conscious decision of an individual; one that requires preparation and often time and effort as well. Moreover, it is a crucial point in life at which the divorcees solve their current problems. The term is also associated with new opportunities and is often a chance to talk about human experience. The article distincts the most frequently-used words accompanying divorce: child, alimony, money and flat. It is worth noting that the studied material uses only one meaning of the word divorce, introduced by the Napoleonic Code and understood as ‚a dissolution of legally-valid marriage’.
PL
In this paper we consider opening greetings and complementary closes (farewells) in emails written in Serbian language that make relatively independent communication entities with the most general purpose of initiating and concluding a correspondence as the form of phatic language function and in the same time with metalinguistic discourse function of indicating the beginning and the end. We examine their structure and lexical, semantic and pragmatic properties, and also stress the occurrence of new characteristics or tendencies in their use caused by this new medium of communication, i.e. email, as compared to traditional letter correspondence. Those are: higher degree of linguistic individualization, expression of creativity in communication, resorting to economy, linguistic reductions and omissions.
EN
The aim of the article is to describe some semantic and argumentative mechanisms of Internet discourse processes whose role is to objectify the subjective evaluative judgments contained in the text so as to impose them as conforming to the socially accepted norm. The analyses are based on examples from French news websites available on the Internet.
EN
The article seeks to examine the functions of linguistic errors disseminated on the Internet and the network of their connections. The paper answers the question about the value carried by non-normative communication practices which are conscious and functional. The starting point for the analysis was one linguistic error. The selected scientific method (case study) aims to resolve the previously formulated research problems and describe the selected fragment of the Internet space. The work explores the phenomenon of mutual network relations with their exemplifications which are contextually involved. The qualitative analysis showed various functions of deliberate violation of the norm. The discussed examples of non-normative communication practices, being a reaction to an “obvious clerical error”, served an ironic and/or humorous wordplay and an indirect illustration of the minister’s actions. They were also used as a criticism, provocation and metalinguistic reflection. They were aimed at drawing the recipient’s attention to the linguistic norm and the need to respect it.
PL
Celem artykułu jest zwrócenie uwagi na funkcje błędów językowych rozpowszechnianych przez internet, wskazanie na sieć ich powiązań oraz odpowiedź na pytanie, jakie wartości niosą ze sobą nienormatywne zachowania komunikacyjne, które są świadome i funkcjonalne. Punktem wyjścia rozważań uczyniono jeden błąd językowy, a wybrana metoda naukowa (studium przypadku) ma na celu rozwiązanie sformułowanych wcześniej problemów badawczych i opis wybranego wycinka internetowej przestrzeni. Przedmiotem badań jest zjawisko wzajemnych relacji sieciowych wraz z ich egzemplifikacjami uwikłanymi kontekstualnie. Analiza jakościowa wskazała na różne funkcje świadomego naruszenia normy. Omówione przykłady nienormatywnych zachowań komunikacyjnych, będące reakcją na „oczywisty błąd pisarski”, służyły zabarwionej ironicznie lub/i humorystycznie grze słownej, refleksji metajęzykowej, pośredniej charakterystyce działań ministra i jej krytyce, prowokacji, zwróceniu uwagi odbiorcy na normę językową i konieczność jej przestrzegania.
EN
This paper examines intentional mistakes (called memobłędy, which is a Polish word coined from a combination of words ‘meme’ and ‘mistake’) as functional deviations from the linguistic norm on its different levels, regarding spelling, ortophony, inflexion, syntax and word-formation. Internet users create such expressions not only to criticize public figures or social groups in a scathing way but also to express feelings which are hard to describe in an indirect communication (e.g. harmless jealousy – zazdraszczam). The intentional mistakes may be considered as a distinct type of memes, which are units of cultural transmission (due to Dawkins’s theory), because they are viral, dialogical and hyperbolizing. Some of them go beyond the realm of memes and become a part of the colloquial spoken language (e.g. madka, ten uczuć, odzobaczyć) but they do not affect its correctness in any significant manner.
PL
Artykuł ukazuje memobłędy jako funkcjonalne odstępstwa od normy językowej na różnych jej poziomach - ortograficznym, ortofonicznym, fleksyjnym, składniowym i słowotwórczym. Internauci tworzą tego typu wyrażenia jako narzędzie zjadliwej krytyki znanych osób lub grup społecznych, lecz także po to, aby przekazać trudne do wyrażenia w komunikacji pośredniej stany emocjonalne (np. nieszkodliwą zazdrość za pomocą słowa zazdraszczam). Memobłędy mogą być uznawane za odrębne memy kultury (w rozumieniu Dawkinsa), ponieważ przejawiają takie ich cechy, jak zaraźliwość, dialogiczność czy hiperbolizacja rzeczywistości. Niektóre opuszczają memosferę i przedostają się do potocznego języka mówionego (np. madka, ten uczuć, odzobaczyć), nie stanowią jednak większego zagrożenia dla jego poprawności.
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