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EN
The figure of Claude Backvis (1910–1998) is well known to Polish scholars. His research is still valued today, especially his seminal work on the Baroque period. However, there is an aspect of Claude Backvis’s activity that has been neglected: his work as a popularizer and disseminator of Polish culture to a non-specialized audience. For many years, especially before the Second World War, Backvis regularly published articles on Poland and its literature in various Belgian French-language magazines. He also published a few translations of Polish authors such as Zygmunt Krasiński and Maria Kuncewiczowa. Which strategies of adaptation (or acculturation) did Backvis, a rara avis in a country practically devoid of any tradition in the field of Polish studies, adopt to present Poland, especially its history and its literature, to readers little acquainted with Polish affairs? How did the period (particularly the years before the war) and the places of mediation (generally linked to the spiritual climate of the Université libre de Bruxelles) influence the mediation itself? These are the questions that this article attempts to answer
EN
In my article I propose an outline of a comparative analysis of two disciplinary proceedings initiated against students of the Mathematics and Natural Science Faculty of Stefan Batory University in Vilnius, Rywka Profitkier and Estera Tajc, before the introduction of the so-called ghetto benches. Two female students refused to subordinate to the student practice at that time, and did not take a seat on the left side of the lecture hall. Hence, they both listened to the lecture standing between the benches. I will situate my analysis in the context of the events of the entire 1936/1937 academic year, in which the university was closed for almost three months due to the anti-Jewish violence. The sources consist of the documents of two disciplinary proceedings based on events that occurred only one day apart, but most importantly, they took a similar course. However, due to the different strategies chosen by the female students, the sanctions imposed on them for not subordinating to the practice of taking seats assigned to Jews at the time were significantly different.
PL
W swoim artykule przeprowadzam analizę porównawczą dwóch postępowań dyscyplinarnych wszczętych przeciwko studentkom Wydziału Matematyczno-Przyrodniczego Uniwersytetu Stefana Batorego w Wilnie, Rywce Profitkier i Esterze Tajc, jeszcze przed wprowadzeniem getta ławkowego, które nie chcąc podporządkować się ówczesnej praktyce studenckiej, nie zajęły miejsca po lewej stronie sali wykładowej, a w końcu wysłuchały wykładu, stojąc pomiędzy ławkami. Analizę swoją osadzę w kontekście wydarzeń całego roku akademickiego 1936/1937, w którym to uniwersytet był zamknięty przez prawie trzy miesiące z uwagi na przemoc antyżydowską. Materiałem badawczym będą dokumenty dwóch postępowań dyscyplinarnych, których podstawą były zdarzenia mające miejsce w odstępie zaledwie jednego dnia, lecz, co najważniejsze, wydarzenia te miały podobny przebieg. Ze względu jednak na różne strategie obrane przez bohaterki sankcje, które spotkały je za niepodporządkowanie się ówczesnej praktyce wydzielania miejsc studentom i studentkom żydowskim, były znacząco odmienne.
EN
French-speaking Belgium between WW1 and WW2 was very interested in the new states that emerged in Central and Eastern Europe after the fall of the German, Austrian and Russian Empires. Poland in particular was the subject of much attention. Examples include the creation, under the auspices of the Polish government, of the first Belgian chair of Slavic studies in 1926, which was held by a Pole, Wacław Lednicki; Polish writers’ visits to Brussels (Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, Jan Lechoń) as part of the activities organized by the Belgian PEN Club; the presence of Polish authors, classical or contemporary, in several French-speaking Belgian journals such as Le flambeau and Journal des poètes; the mediation work done by the writer Robert Vivier — to whom we owe some translations of contemporary Polish poets — or the hellenist Henri Grégoire, who sometimes put aside his own discipline — Byzantine studies — to translate and present Polish writers (among others Adam Mickiewicz and Juliusz Słowacki). In this article, I study and relate these events — which arguably prepared the ground for post-war years marked by the presence in Brussels of well-known polonists such as Claude Backvis and Alain Van Crugten — in order to sketch a picture of the reception, in the 1920’s and the 1930’s, of Polish literature in French-speaking Belgium.
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