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EN
Literary analysis of Hadith 29 by An-Nawawi demonstrates that it is constructed in a thoughtfull way. Its text can be divided into four units. Four disturbing questions of Mu’az Ibn Jabal and Muhammad are the ground for divide. The theme of this dialogue are the terms of salvation: the guide to Paradise and the evasion of damnation in Hell. First Prophet specified the triad of religious obligations: fast-alms-prayer but the more important is the triad: islam-prayer-jihad, while in the Gospel all is based on the triad: divine love-love of neighbour-love self. The literary composition of this hadith is based on the principles of the rhetoric, which were formed in the cultural circle of the Near East. They result in the composition of the text in paralel order, which is referred to as concentric construction. It is not linear but involute, concentrated on one essential centre. The centre of this hadith construction is a Koranic quotation from surah XXXII, 16–17. The author of hadith, like biblical authors, puts together and arranges single elements of the constructions in such a way that individual members of its audience can deliberately chose their own way of salvation. The use of biblical patterns is intentional and indicates that the biblical tradition of Old and New Testament was known in the islamic environment of Koranic exegists. It also proves that the biblical doctrine is attractive to them.
EN
The discussion on reforms in Islam has been ongoing in the Islamic world for many decades. This trend was also present in Iran, where it gained particular intensity after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. It was religious intellectuals who took the main debate upon themselves. Their activity and efforts concentrated around the problem of the adaptation of Islamic rules to the modern world. One of their proposals was to change the classical method of theological reflection. Although Islamic theology (kalam) during the first centuries of Islam become the queen of all Islamic sciences, contemporary Iranian thinkers are calling for the development of a new paradigm of religious reflection – a new kalam, kalam-e jadid, which would be characterized by rationality, openness to interpretation and criticism and would remain in constant dialogue with the non-religious sciences. The paper is an attempt to reconstruct the main assumptions of Iranian kalam-e jadid based on the views of its most important advocates.
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