The article focuses on the autonomous and separatist pursuits that occur in present day Italy. The work was inspired by the consultative referendums of 2017 in the regions of Veneto and Lombardia. Their aim was to give the residents a chance to express their views regarding the possible expansion of the autonomy of these two administrative units. As a result of the plebiscites, a significant majority voted for the expansion of the autonomy, which might trigger the pursuit of more permissions for the regions. One has to remember that in accordance with the constitution, Italy is a unanimous and non-divisible state. However, this does not mean that presently (as well as in the future) there are no separatist and autonomous tendencies. The tendencies have historical, economical, cultural, social or political reasons. The aim of the article is to analyze these tendencies on the basis subject literature and sources.
The article recalls the event of 27 July 2006, when Soile Lautsi, an Italian citizen, on behalf of herself and her two minor children Dataico and Sami Albertin, filed a complaint against the Italian Republic with the European Court of Human Rights. Soile Lautsi alleged that the presence of a crucifix in the classrooms of the school her children attended contravenes the idea of freedom of belief and religion and violates her right to raise and teach her children in accordance with her own religious and philosophical convictions (her secular worldview). As the judgment of the Chamber of the Court of 3 November 2009 caused controversy not only in Italy but also in many European countries, governments of many countries, NGOs and members of the European Parliament joined the proceedings before the Court as interveners as a third party.
The article is an attempt to capture the principle of subsidiarity in the Italian public law. In contrast to polish solutions the principle of subsidiarity does not comprise general principle of law. In the article this principle is being reconstructed primarily by the principle of decentralization and also it is presented in limited range, in which it is convened by constitution and normal legislation. Nevertheless the author, regarding to the specifications of Italian institutional solutions, is arguing its existence and functioning in public low of Italian Republic. Owing to the fact the article include also comparative legal values.
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