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Mena MitranoLoyola University ChicagoJFRC American Studies as Italian TheoryConsidering Roberto Esposito's narrative of Italian Theory, according to which Italian Theory first started as a US-based phenomenon and only later irradiated in other parts of the world, this paper explores the consequences of that narrative and the questions that it might raise for American Studies: Might Italian Theory rightfully belong to the Americanist's domain of inquiry? If so, what impact might it have on the identity of the Americanist? What is an Americanist?  The paper argues that this new wave of theory illuminates the confluence of American Studies and critical thought, both involved in a simultaneous movement of deterritorialization that pushes them outside their established boundaries. Keywords: American Studies, literary and cultural theory, Italian American Studies, Italian Theory
EN
The article focuses on the history of autonomous social movements in post-war Italy, whose activity was to a large extent contemporaneous with the infamous “years of lead”. In chronological sequence, the article moves from the birth of operaismo and the autonomous workers’ movement through the beginnings of the students’ movement and operaist feminism, and finishes with the history of the radical autonomous movements of the 1970s. This history is reconstructed from the perspective of contemporary Italian political philosophy, which developed mostly on the basis of concepts and ideas produced earlier by the autonomous movements and on their experiences. This perspective, which treats the subjective practices of resistance as the starting point of any theoretical analysis, makes it possible to look at the history of reaction to the autonomous social movements and their brutal suppression as the roots of the neoliberal counterrevolution of the 1980s and 1990s.
PL
Artykuł rekonstruuje historię autonomicznych ruchów społecznych w powojennej historii Włoch, których aktywność przypadała w dużym stopniu na okres tzw. "lat ołowiu". Po kolei omawiane jest powstanie operaizmu orach autonomicznego ruchu robotniczego, następnie ruchu studenckiego, operaistycznego feminizmu oraz w końcu radykalnych ruchów autonomicznych lat 70. Historia ta rekonstruowana jest z perspektywy współczesnej włoskiej filozofii politycznej, która w dużym stopniu wykształciła się na koncepcjach wypracowanych wcześniej przez autonomiczne ruchy oraz na ich doświadczeniach. Perspektywa ta, która podmiotowe praktyki oporu traktuje jako punkt wyjścia dla teoretycznych analiz, umożliwia spojrzenie na historię reakcji na autonomiczne ruchy społeczne oraz ich brutalnego stłumienia jako na źródło neoliberalnej kontrrewolucji lat 80. i 90. 
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