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KRONIKA. Województwo kieleckie

100%
Ochrona Zabytków
|
1949
|
issue 3
203-204
EN
A close theological and artistic co-operation has been observed in religious art since the Middle Ages. In the Baroque this co-operation was best revealed in monumental decorations inside churches. An example of it is the polychromy in the abbot church in Jędrzejów, whose author was Andrzej Radwański. Intention plan includes both theological content and issues connected with spirituality and activity of the Cistercian order. The history of the Jędrzejów Abbey was particularly emphasized and so was the person of the Blessed Wincenty Kadłubek, who was connected with it. A correlation between historical and symbolical depictions is very interesting; a method often used by Radwański in his monumental decorative painting.
PL
Historia archiopactwa cystersów w Jędrzejowie sięga XII wieku, kiedy to, z inicjatywy braci Klemensa i Jana Gryfitów, sprowadzeni zostali do Polski pierwsi cystersi. Fundatorzy w latach 1141-1149 wznieśli i uposażyli dla nowo sprowadzonego zakonu klasztor w Jędrzejowie (dawniej Brzeźnicy). Klasztor ten stał się 21 filią opactwa w Marimond. W 1149 roku został podniesiony do godności opactwa. Równocześnie opactwo jędrzejowskie dało początek nowym fundacjom na ziemiach polskich - w Szczyrzycu i Rudach Wielkich. Polichromia w kościele opackim w Jędrzejowie była pierwszą samodzielną i zarazem tak dużą realizacją młodego naówczas artysty – Andrzeja Radwańskiego.
EN
Fr Wilhelm Ulawski, professed monk at the Cistercian Monastery in Koprzywnica, spent the last years of his life in the former Cistercian Monastery in Jędrzejow as a superior of the suppressed community. By 1851 all his fellow monks were dead and he spent the last four years of his life alone in the monastery. He died on 21 January 1855. The discovery of a copy of his testament and an inventory of his possessions started preliminary research. Documents discovered in its course – which form part of the correspondence of the general consistories of the Diocese of Kielce and Cracow, and Diocese of Sandomierz acting as intermediaries between the authorities and the superiors of the Jędrzejow Cistercians – have shed some light on Fr Ulawski’s life and work as well as the last few years of the congregation “left to die” in the abbey dissolved in 1819. An extensive annex contains 51 documents some of which concern Fr Ulawski, beginning with a copy of his baptism certificate, documents illustrating his monastic life before the arrival in Jędrzejow, and ending with his testament and documents dealing with his legacy. The remaining documents illustrate the life of the dying community. They include requests for granting or payment of salaries owed to the monks and funds for building repair; there are also reports concerning important events or problems successive superiors had to face.
EN
The study contains a source edition of four detailed lists of buildings in the village of Podklasztorze near Jędrzejów, namely the church and the buildings of the Cistercian Abbey (including the monks’ house) as well as the buildings housing the Forestry Authority and an inn. The material is an annex to insurance documentation drawn up by the Insurance Directorate in Warsaw in 1848. In addition to a brief historical introduction and archival description of the sources presented, each of the estimate contains a short summary, while at the end readers will find a glossary of specialist terms, many of them archaic, describing the various elements of the structure or furnishings of the buildings. Despite the fact that the documents lack information (apart from technical details) about the appearance of the decoration and the furnishings, they still constitute a very interesting source of information about the preservation and condition of the analysed buildings. An integral part of the detailed estimates, containing very comprehensive lists of all components of the buildings with their valuation, comes in the form of hand-made plans of the analysed buildings. Reproductions of the plans together with photographs of the abbey buildings provide illustration material for the present study.
EN
The article presents the biographies of the Jędrzejów Cistercians included in the list of members of the monastery during the dissolution of the abbey in 1819. The content of biographies includes information on e.g., the date of birth and place of origin of each monk, the time of joining the monastery, making their religious profession, and being ordained a priest, and performing monastic functions. Particular attention was paid to the post-dissolution fate of the monks. The primary source material included general and personal files of the clergy, diocesan and monastic schematics as well as parish files and record books.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia biogramy cystersów jędrzejowskich, uwzględnionych na liście członków zgromadzenia klasztornego w czasie kasaty opactwa w 1819 r. Zawartość biogramów stanowią informacje dotyczące m.in. daty urodzenia i miejsca pochodzenia każdego z mnichów, czasu wstąpienia do klasztoru, złożenia profesji zakonnej i przyjęcia święceń kapłańskich oraz pełnionych funkcji klasztornych. Szczególną uwagę zwrócono na pokasacyjne losy zakonników. Podstawowy materiał źródłowy stanowiły akta ogólne i personalne duchowieństwa, schematyzmy diecezjalne i zakonne oraz akta parafialne i księgi metrykalne.
EN
The article presents the history of the Cistercians of Jędrzejów after the dissolution of the abbey in 1819. In the first stage of the research, a biographical index was prepared, which was used to analyze the social and territorial origin as well as the numerical and age structure of the monks. The primary source material were general and personal files of the clergy, diocesan and monastic schematisms, as well as parish files and record books. After the suppression of the abbey, some of the monks stayed in the monastery buildings, others went to parish work. These were often centers associated with the Jędrzejów monastery.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia losy cystersów jędrzejowskich po kasacie opactwa w 1819 r. W pierwszym etapie badań przygotowano kartotekę biograficzną zakonników, która posłużyła do przeprowadzenia analizy w zakresie ich pochodzenia społecznego i terytorialnego oraz liczebności i struktury wieku. Podstawowy materiał źródłowy stanowiły akta ogólne i personalne duchowieństwa, schematyzmy diecezjalne i zakonne oraz akta parafialne i księgi metrykalne. Po supresji opactwa niektórzy z zakonników pozostali dożywotnio w zabudowaniach klasztoru, inni przeszli do pracy na placówkach parafialnych. Niejednokrotnie były to ośrodki powiązane z klasztorem jędrzejowskim.
FR
Les trav a u x de recherches ont prouvé que les églises et les cloîtres cisterciens au sud-est de la Pologne ava ient des décorations picturales trè s modestes, groupés pour la p lu p a rt sur des éléments architectoniques. Mais il y avait certaines difficultés à é tab lir les dates des différentes couches d e ces peintures. Il semble toutefois que les plus anciennes d a te n t du XHIe siècle et que les plus récentes des couches e x a minées proviennent de la fin du XlVe siècle. Les plus anciennes de ces peintures n e présen ten t q u ’un nomb re re s tre in t de formes décoratives se rv an t surtout à souligner ou à imiter la disposition de la polychromie qui dépend de la qualité du mur. Des motifs géométriques, des losanges, des inscriptions etc. fu ren t appliqués (les motifs figuratifs étaient bien rares). Plusieurs fois les peintures apparaissaient en deux couches, dont la plus ancienne reposait directement sur le mur. En plus les préparations des peintures étaient formées d ’un chaulage et d ’une fine couche de grès et de calcaire avec un peu d ’argile. Dans plusiers cas les liants employés contenaient des traces de blanc d’oeuf, dont la plus grande quantité paraissait dans des peintures sur pierre. Le noir et le rouge étaient les couleurs prédominantes, les v e rts et les jaunes apparaissaient plus ra rem en t (les pigments étaient ceux d ’origine naturelle, aussi bien que ceux à base de plomb et de cuivre).
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