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EN
Jan Karski, Auschwitz i wiadomości o Holokauście
EN
This paper presents an exchange of letters between the Polish-Scandinavian Research In stitute in Copenhagen and the Polish hero Jan Karski, Washington, DC. The Institutein Copenhagen, represented by its director (Eugeniusz S. Kruszewski), scientific secretary (Józef Parnas) and members of the management (Tadeusz Głowacki, Jørgen Mogensen), began to correspond with Jan Karski in 1986, and received a final letter from him in 2000. The main object of the correspondence was cooperation with the Polish-Scandinavian Research Institute in the area of World War II and the extermination of Jews in German-occupied Poland. We mediated between people from Germany, France, Great Britain and the USA who expressed their opinions about the Claude Lanzmann movie „Shoah”, and World War II reality in Poland during German occupation. Jan Karski visited Denmark and Sweden in 1988, and his lectures and interviews were very successful. It was a very fruitful collaboration
Zeszyty Naukowe PUNO
|
2020
|
vol. 8
|
issue 1
251-294
EN
Jan Karski’s correspondence to Aniela Mieczysławska letters from a period of almost 50 years (December 29, 1944 – September 10, 1993) is a private correspondence between two significant people in the recent history of our country, especially the Polish state in exile. These private letters are not devoid of the political views of the authors and highly respected persons both in the Polish community in the United States and in Great Britain. Jan Karski (1914–2000) is known as a courier of the authorities of the Polish underground state to the Polish government in exile in London and a confidant of the Jewish leaders, who was the first to bring an eyewitness testimony to the extermination of Jews in German camps in Poland to the polish west ally. Aniela Mieczysławska (1910–1998), by birth Lillpop, primo voto Mieczysławska, secundo voto Raczyńska. A¡er break out of the war in 1939, she le¡ with her husband Witold (1907–1991), a diplomat, to Bucharest. In 1941, it reached via France and Portugal the Unites States and was in the service of the Polish government. A¡er the death of the second wife, Edward Bernard Raczyński (1891–1993) in 1962 she moved from USA to London (U.K.) and for almost 30 years she take care of Ambassador Raczyński, she became his third wife in 1991. The letters cover the period of the final phase of World War II and its easily predictable end, especially the consequences it brought for Poland. The correspondence ends with the death of Edward B. Raczyński, President of the Republic of Poland in exile, and Pola Nireńska – Jan Karskis wife.
EN
The Library & Archives of the Hoover Institution at Stanford University are home to the largest and most comprehensive collection on twentieth-century Poland in the United States. The holdings, both published and unpublished, are limited by the institution’s research scope, which is broadly focused on the political history of the world since World War I. The article includes an outline of the history of the institution and its Polish library and archival collections and mentions the principal contributions of several of its builders. Three special factors favoring the growth of Polish collections will receive attention: Herbert Hoover’s Polish sympathies and friendship with Ignacy Paderewski, the role of Jan Karski’s mission to Europe on behalf of the Hoover Institution in 1946, and the collecting opportunities created by the Solidarity revolution and the collapse of the Soviet bloc. The presentation will also note some of the most significant Polish archival holdings, both émigré and those created in the Polish People’s Republic by communist political functionaries and journalists, acquired by Hoover after 1989.
PL
Biblioteka i Archiwum Instytutu Hoovera na Uniwersytecie Stanford to największa i najobszerniejsza kolekcja źródeł do historii Polski XX w. w Stanach Zjednoczonych. Zasoby, zarówno opublikowane, jak i niepublikowane, są ograniczone zakresem badań instytucji, która w dużej mierze koncentruje się na historii politycznej świata od czasów I wojny światowej. Artykuł zawiera zarys dziejów instytucji i jej polskiej biblioteki oraz zbiorów archiwalnych, jak również wymienia główny wkład kilku ich budowniczych. Trzy szczególne czynniki sprzyjające rozwojowi polskich kolekcji zasługują na uwagę: polskie sympatie i przyjaźń Herberta Hoovera z Ignacym Paderewskim, rola misji Jana Karskiego w Europie w imieniu Instytutu Hoovera w 1946 r. oraz możliwości gromadzenia poloników, jakie powstały dzięki rewolucji solidarnościowej i upadkowi bloku radzieckiego. W artykule zostały przedstawione niektóre z najważniejszych polskich zasobów archiwalnych zarówno emigracyjnych, jak i tych powstałych w Polskiej Rzeczypospolitej Ludowej – materiały funkcjonariuszy komunistycznych i dziennikarzy, które zostały nabyte przez Hoovera po 1989 r.
PL
Alan Dershowitz to jeden z najwybitniejszych adwokatów amerykańskich, a jednocześnie jeden z bardziej kontrowersyjnych, profesor prawa na Uniwersytecie Harwarda. Napisał bardzo popularną książkę adresowaną do młodego prawnika, w formie listów. Zawiera ona porady oraz wskazówki. Dla Czytelnika z Polski szczególnego waloru nabiera fragment o właściwym dobieraniu sobie autorytetów, w którym wskazuje, kto dla niego – Dershowitza jest niewątpliwym autorytetem. To Jan Karski – polski bohater narodowy, który informował świat o Holokauście i apelował o pomoc dla polskich Żydów, będąc delegatem polskiego rządu w Londynie. Rady Dershowitza mogą czasami zaskakiwać, ale niewątpliwie stanowią powód do refleksji.
EN
Alan Dershowitz is one of the most distinguished American advocates and, at the same time, one of the most controversial law professors at Harvard University. He wrote a very popular book addressed to a young lawyer in the form of letters. It contains several advices and tips. For the Polish reader, the part about the proper choice of father figuers will be of special value. Therein, he indicates who has played such a role in his life. It has been Jan Karski, a Polish national hero, who informed the world about the Holocaust and who, as a delegate of the Polish Government in London, appealed for help for the Polish Jews. Some of Dershowitz’s advices can sometimes be surprising to the reader, but undoubtedly they form basis for further reflection.
EN
Various factors influence the contemporary reception of Polish literature in France. Economic criteria have succeeded ideological constraints, but new developments in the memory process in Poland and France also play a major role, all the more so as they are not synchronised, especially when it comes to the history of WW2 and Jewish -Polish relations. An analysis reveals the combination of at least four factors: the role of literary translations (re-editions and new translations), the results of his- toriographical research, the evolution of collective memory in both countries, as well as the interaction with foreign – mostly Anglo-Saxon – publications on the sub- ject. Through a cursory presentation of the reception of Polish literature for youth and adults in the early 2000s, we intend to show that WW2 and Jewish-Polish rela- tions, among other themes, occupy a central position. The two “re-enactments” of the figure of Jan Karski published in 2009 in French novels by Yannick Haenel and Bruno Tessarech and the ensuing polemic, as well as the re-edition of the testimony by the great Polish freedom fighter Jan Karski are a telling illustration of what is at stake in the contemporary reception of Polish literature in France and, more generally, of all the issues regarding that country.
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