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EN
The article discusses the current state of research on the history of the Polish January Uprising, which seems to be quite satiffying in the political aspects. However, the military aspect of the 1863 insurrection ought to be regarded as unsatisfactory. A few selected aspects discussed in the article refers to the plans of the uprising, the role of material preparation for the insurrection, the date of its outbreak and related complications, the analysis of the theatre of war from the guerilla war perspective, and making use of scythe as the guerilla group's weapon. The study ends with brief discussion of the four stages of the 1863 insurrection and general conclusions confirming the fact that the only effective method of fighting during the uprising was guerilla war.
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EN
The article is an attempt to present the impressions of Andrey Muraviev, religious writer, theologian, poet, playwright, church and state activist, from his stay in Vilnius in 1863, on the basis of his work entitled The Russian Vilnius. It consists of six essays on Vilnius religious monuments: the Chapel of Our Lady of Ostra Brama, St. Paraskeva Orthodox church, Orthodox cathedral of Our Most Holy Lady, Orthodox church of translation of St Nicholas’ relics, Holy Trinity cathedral, Holy Spirit church and monastery complex. The author was only interested in monuments which would document the city’s connections to Russia and Orthodox Christianity. His reflections might be considered as a literary justification for the program of Russification of the north-west country, developed by the writer’s brother, Mikhail, who went down in Polish historical memory as Veshatiel.
EN
[An outline of the literature of the last sixteen years] written by Piotr Chmielowski was designed in the author’s intention as a sketch of “rather journalistic than historical features”. The above is clearly indicated by the forewords written by the author to its successive four editions published between 1881 and 1898. Still, despite its lack of pretentions, the book acquired with time the status of a fully-fledged instructive approach to Polish literature of the Positivist period. A closer look at the text with regard to the proposed periodization reveals, however, a number of flaws and aporias committed by Chmielowski, particularly in establishing boundary dates of the proposed literary period. The present article attempts to prove that the source for the inaccuracies and inconsistencies of the solutions proposed in Zarys is not so much in their makeshift or the pro tem nature, but rather in the aggressively promoted ideology, represented by Chmielowski, that completely disregarded the nature of literary phenomena.
EN
Romuald Traugutt was short-sighted. He wore glasses from his early years until the last moments of his life. A moment before the execution, he took them off and threw them on the ground. They had survived their owner – today they are kept in the Licheń sanctuary. The motif of Romuald Traugutt’s glasses is a frequent and important component of his literary legend. It appears multiple times in literature – from Gloria Victis by Eliza Orzeszkowa to the poem Gest [Gesture] by Stanisław Grochowiak.
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