Search results - CEJSH

1

Od „twórczej dyplomacji” do „aktywnego pacyfizmu”: ewolucja koncepcji polityki zagranicznej Japonii

100%

Żakowski K.

Sprawy Międzynarodowe

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2015

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issue 3

109-123

EN

The paper analyses three concepts of foreign policy that illustrate Japan’s growing interest in active participation in regional and global affairs: Abe Shintarō’s “creative diplomacy”, Asō Tarō’s “value-based diplomacy” and Abe Shinzō’s “proactive pacifism”. The aim of the article is to examine how the Japanese government shaped increasingly assertive foreign policy concepts in response to the evolving international environment. Alongside external determinants, domestic factors are also reviewed, including decision-making processes in the Ministry of Foreign Affairs or the personal beliefs of statespersons.

2

Demographic Ageing in Japan

100%

Luty-Michalak M.

Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia

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2013

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issue 26

135-147

XX

The ageing of the population is today one of the most important demographic processes that is taking place in many countries. This process is connected with the transition from high to low fertility and mortality. However, the beginning of this process and its duration is different in different countries, so the proportion of elderly in the total population varies depending on the country, which is being analyzed. In this article author analyzed the process of demographic ageing in Japan in 1950 – 2100 with using the data from the World Population Prospects (the medium variant of fertility).

3

Japonia, Korea Południowa, Chiny – inicjatywy wspólnego opisu dziejów najnowszych

80%

Starecka K.

Przegląd Orientalistyczny

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2017

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issue 1-2

167-182

EN

Differing historical memories cause constant friction in Japan’s relations with her Asian neighbours. In the first decade of the twenty-first century these conflicts worsened in connection with, among others, the approval by the Ministry of Education of the controversial history textbook published by Fusōsha. In order to improve mutual relations, joint history research projects such as the Japan-South Korea Joint History Research Committee (2002-2005; 2007-2010) and the Japan-China Joint History Research Committee (2006-2010) were established. It is also worth noting the attempts at creating common teaching materials undertaken by both academia and civil society organizations like the “History that Opens the Future” (Mirai o hiraku rekishi, 2005) and its continuation (2012), published in Japanese, Korean and Chinese. The aim of this article is to present joint initiatives that describe the recent history of the East Asian region and an attempt to answer the question of whether the current historical policy of China, South Korea and Japan creates an opportunity to develop a balanced assessment of World War II.

4

Historia ceremonii herbacianej w Japonii

80%

Sokołowski M.

Estetyka i Krytyka

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2014

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issue 4(35)

171-203

XX

Tea Ceremony is something extremely complex and simple at the same time. On one hand, it can be regarded as an expression of philosophy, spirituality, culture and aesthetics of the Far East, can be analyzed through the lens of Zen Buddhism, also indirectly through Taoism that contributed to its development, it can be positioned in the Chinese and Japanese culture and history. This is also a stringent ceremonial with lots of extremely detailed and precise rules and principles. On the other hand – it remains a simple common activity of drinking tea in an atmosphere of friendliness and harmony, being also very universal and natural. On one hand, it is a sophisticated art, on the other – an overall way of life. The complexity does not exclude simplicity, when the simplest appears to be the most difficult. Zen and the tea ceremony are connected by the belief in the possibility of reaching a deep dimension of everyday life and finding depth in what is ordinary. Both in Zen and in Tea Ceremony, more important than the closed system of rules are few hints and own practice – it is not possible to reach their core through words or through theory. Tea Ceremony in the spirit of Zen teaches stretching for Excellence, were the experience of the "here and now" enables reaching of happiness, unconditioned of fulfillment of desires - in this sense, it remains valid and alive regardless of existing etiquette, forms, methods of teaching, interpretation.

5

Japonia i Unia Europejska w obliczu nowej fali liberalizacji handlu światowego

80%

Stępień S.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2014

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issue 2(28)

225-242

EN

The European Union and Japan have clearly been the heavyweights of international trade for decades. They are the first and the fourth largest economies in the world, respectively. Together they account for nearly one third of the global GDP and almost a quarter of all international trade. And yet their bilateral trade has been underperforming in recent years. Trade in goods actually declined since 2000 – both in relative and absolute terms – and trade in services, as well as foreign direct investment, clearly do not reflect the clout of these two advanced economies. However, since 2010 there have been serious attempts from the Japanese government and the European Commission at finding a way to revive and foster the EU‑Japan bilateral trade and economic relationship. In March 2013 they decided to launch negotiations in order to establish a comprehensive free trade area, or FTA. This article describes developments leading up to that point and presents an analysis of problems affecting the EU‑Japan trade. It does so in the context of a recent surge of international activity as regards trade liberalization through FTA negotiations following the effective failure of global trade talks in the World Trade Organization forum.

6

Die Handelsbeziehungen der Habsburger Monarchie mit Japan vor dem Ersten Weltkrieg

80%

Skřivan A.

West Bohemian Historical Review

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2012

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vol. 2

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issue 2

49–58

EN

Author analyses in this study the character and the development of trade between Austria-Hungary and Japan before First World War. He pays attention to the beginning of mutual trade, to the trade conditions in Japan, to the development of maritime transportation to the Far East and to Japan’s the striving for revision of unequal treaties. The final part of the study summarizes the findings about the proper development of the trade.

7

‘Generation Rent’ and intergenerational relations in the era of housing financialisation

80%

Ronald R.

Critical Housing Analysis

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2018

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vol. 5

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issue 2

14-26

EN

Homeownership has been in decline in a number of developed societies since the early 2000s driven, primarily, by declining entry among younger households who have been increasingly pushed into the rental sector. This trend has been associated with a growing intergenerational divide, or even conflict, and the emergence of ‘Generation Rent’. This paper explores the conditions surrounding diminishing access to owner-occupation among new households with a focus on the historic maturation of homeownership sectors, the restructuring of the political economy (financialization) around housing wealth and the inter-cohort dynamics surrounding the accumulation and transfer of housing wealth. The paper takes an international perspective drawing on evidence from two parallel, but contrasting cases: Japan and the UK. The analysis illustrates the interrelatedness of interand intra-generational inequalities, with the former reinforcing the latter. It also focuses on the role of families as both a moderator of generational inequity at the micro level as well as an enhancer of socioeconomic inequalities overall.

8

Bezpieczeństwo energetyczne Japonii

80%

Zgliński B.

Forum Politologiczne

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2010

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vol. 11 - Chiny i państwa azjatyckie - karty z historii i wyzwania współczesności

373-393

EN

Japan's energy security is one of the most important part of its security policy in general. Small energy resources made the Japa¬nese use imported ones, like oil and LNG more economically. In most part energy resources come form the Persian Gulf (oil) or from South-East Asia (LNG). The result is that the import can be thre¬atened by disturbance of the sea lines of communication. Other challenges, including cut-throat competition from PRC and India and reduced availability to the resources in general, help in developing alternative sources of energy or in promoting energy conservation.

9

Olympic Education as an Intergenerational Relation of the Third Degree

80%

Hata T., Sekine M.

Physical Culture and Sport. Studies and Research

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2009

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vol. 47

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issue 1

103-110

EN

The 30th anniversary meeting of the Japanese Society for the Philosophy of Sport and Physical Education was held in September 2008. It has been over 30 years since this society was established. Nevertheless the tendency and recent trend in sport philosophy in Japan have not been conveyed abroad. The good reason behind this may be the language barrier between English and Japanese. This makes it difficult to spread the activities on sport philosophy in Japan throughout the world. The question arises as to whether sport philosophy in Japan has the same trend and tendency as sport philosophy in Western countries. We would like to report on sport philosophy in Japan, especially on its characteristics and future perspectives, in order to contribute toward the international development in this field. Sport was introduced into Japan from Western countries in the Meiji period when a national isolation policy in the Shogunate Government of the Edo period finished. The Japanese accepted and have been developing it as a means of school physical education. This fact shows why sport philosophy in Japan has its origins not in sport as culture but in sport in physical education at school. The Japanese philosophy of sport society was not founded by philosophers. It was founded and has been administered by experts in teaching sport and physical education. They recognized several reasons why sport philosophy widened its object from school physical education to sport as the cultural and public phenomenon in the 1960s. Competitive sport was recognized with Japan taking the opportunity of staging the Olympic Games in Tokyo in 1964. This happened because the nation was strongly interested in the competitive sport, and in particular in the Olympic Games. The object of sport philosophy came to be taken for the social meaning of this competitive sport. Also, the change of the Japanese mind structure from common consciousness to self-consciousness, which was affected by the understanding of the human being in the Western culture, made sport a certain action of personal meanings. We would like to suggest a future perspective of the sport philosophy in Japan.

10

Polityka zagraniczna Japonii wobec Bliskiego Wschodu

80%

Frelak P.

Forum Politologiczne

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2008

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vol. 8 - Współczesny Daleki Wschód w stosunkach międzynarodowych - rywalizacja i mocarstwowość

471-500

EN

For decades Japanese foreign policy in the Middle East was oriented merely towards economic issues. Its main goal was to secure long-term and reliable deliveries of the Middle East oil, which was crucial to the Japanese economy. Therefore, during the Cold War Japan based its foreign policy in this distant region on the alliance with the United States. Strong relations with the Americans were seen by the government in Tokyo as a guarantee of its oil supplies from that volatile region. On the other hand the Japan-U.S. alliance imposed serious constraints on Japanese independent action in the Middle East. In addition, the tendency to frame foreign policy questions in terms of economic interests has led the Japanese government to underestimating the challenges of relations with the Middle East, an area where vital economic issues cannot be separated so easily from social, political, and strategic questions. The failure of these foreign policy guidelines in the Middle East became apparent in the last decade of the 20th century, and at the beginning of the 21st century, forcing Japan to adopt more active role in the region, and develop more profound relations with the Middle Eastern partners. This new approach of the Japanese diplomacy can be seen in such areas as cultural cooperation (Japan-Arab Dialogue Forum), or political involvement (Iran, Iraq and the Israeli-Palestinian conflict) in the region.

11

Cooperation for forest protection in Southeast Asia: the role of Japan and its domestic interest groups

80%

Didvalis L.

International Journal of Area Studies

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2014

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vol. 9

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issue 1

19-36

EN

This article examines Japan’s role in advancing regional forest governance in Southeast Asia and reasons why the country, despite claiming environmental leadership, has not created a strong long-term institutional framework to promote sustainable forest management (SFM). The first half of the article is dedicated to analyzing Asia Forest Partnership and bilateral agreements with Indonesia and Malaysia in the light of implementation of SFM. The second half examines Japan’s domestic interest groups and their attitudes towards SFM and cooperation for forest protection with the Southeast Asian countries. The article argues that the gap between Japan’s commitments and actual activities has not been closed in the most recent cooperation for forest protection in the region. One of the major reasons for that is the strength and resistance against the regulations of the Japanese companies that benefit from the free trade of tropical timber.

LT

Straipsnyje analizuojamas Japonijos vaidmuo vystant regioninio lygio miškų valdymą Pietryčių Azijoje ir priežastys kodėl, nepaisant teiginių apie lyderiavimą aplinkosaugoje, šalis neįkūrė stiprios ilgalaikės institucinės sąrangos darnios miškotvarkos populiarinimui. Pirmoji straipsnio dalis yra skirta darnios miškotvarkos įgyvendinimo įvertinimui Azijos miškų parnerystėje bei dvišaliuose susitarimuose su Malaizija ir Indonezija. Antrojoje dalyje analizuojamos Japonijos vidaus interesų grupės ir jų požiūris į darnią miškotvarką bei bendradarbiavimą dėl miškų apsaugos su Pietryčių Azijos šalimis. Straipsnyje teigiama, kad vertinant pastarųjų metų bendradarbiavimą dėl miškų apsaugos regione, Japonija nesugebėjo sumažinti atotrūkio tarp įsipareigojimų ir nuveiktų darbų. Viena iš pagrindinių to priežasčių yra stiprios ir reguliavimui besipriešinančios Japonijos kompanijos, kurios pelnosi iš nevaržomos prekybos tropine mediena.

12

Everyday Mobility: the Normalization of China-Japan Migratory Flows and their ‘Everyday Practice’

80%

Coates J.

International Review of Social Research

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2013

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vol. 3

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issue 1

7-26

EN

Chinese migrants now constitute the largest group of registered ‘foreigners’ in Japan, with over 600,000 documented in 2006. This is the result of an intersection between the Chinese government’s drive for educational and economic success, and Japan’s flexible student visa labour system. It is the product of a ‘normalization’ of mobility amongst young mobile Chinese. Based on 20 months fieldwork in Tokyo, Japan, I explore the ways in which the decision to move is experienced as mundane, and how it is negotiated as a form of ‘everyday practice.’ Through this lens, this article posits multiple relationships between mobility, its limits and how this relates to mobile people’s sense of place in the world.

13

Enhancing student schematic knowledge of culture through literature circles in a foreign language classroom

80%

Graham-Marr A.

Journal of Language and Cultural Education

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2015

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vol. 3

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issue 1

85-92

EN

Improving student understanding of a foreign language culture is anything but a peripheral issue in the teaching of a foreign language. This pilot study reports on a second year required English course in a university in Japan that took a Literature Circles approach, where students were asked to read short stories out of class and then discuss these stories in class. Although students reported that they did not gain any special insights into the target language culture presented, they did report that reading fiction as source material for classroom activity helps with the acquisition of a vocabulary set that is more closely associated with lifestyle and culture. The results suggest that further study is warranted. Procedures of this pilot study are described and interpreted in the context of the English education system in Japan.

14

Główne problemy w stosunkach Chińskiej Republiki Ludowej z Japonią

80%

Dryjańska E.

Forum Politologiczne

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2008

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vol. 8 - Współczesny Daleki Wschód w stosunkach międzynarodowych - rywalizacja i mocarstwowość

177-201

EN

The ending of the Cold War was the end of bipolar era with 2 main powers: the US and the USSR. In Asia it coincided with economical and military rising of People Republic of China which aim was always to become a superpower on the one hand and with the change towards more active role of Japan in world politics on the other hand. In East Asia it's China which is believed to dominate the region and challenge the US after the USSR fall. However one of the main thesis of the article is that the change in Japanese foreign policy although slow is radical because it is in fact the process of its normalization. In the view of these two great processes the author presents main problems in Sino-Japanese relations such as contradictory strategic interests, border dispute and controversy about Yasukuni shrine. In the article not only hard power perspective is taken into account. Except for the Japan alliance with the US, the modernization of the Chinese army and the border demarcation dispute concerning partition of the territories on East China Sea also the question of historical memory and reciprocal perception is presented.

15

Spór Chin i Japonii o Archipelag Senkaku

80%

Wangrat M.

Forum Politologiczne

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2008

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vol. 8 - Współczesny Daleki Wschód w stosunkach międzynarodowych - rywalizacja i mocarstwowość

203-220

EN

The Senkaku Islands, or Diaoyutai Islands are a group of disputed, uninhabited five small volcanic islands and three rocky outcroppings. The islands are located roughly northeast of Taiwan, due west of Okinawa, and due north of the end of the Ryukyu Islands in the East China Sea. They are currently controlled by Japan, but also both the People's Republic of China and the Republic of China (Taiwan) claim that these islands fall under their respective sovereign jurisdiction. Historically, the islands are of insignificant economic value be- sides the rich fishing stock. They were mainly used as safe harbour for local fishers or navigation points so that till 1970 sovereignty over them wasn't discussed or questioned. However, a study by the United Nations Economic Commission for Asia and the Far East (UNECAFE) published in 1969 suggested that the seabed of the East China Sea could be one of the richest oil and gas-deposit areas in the region. It became apparent that the acquisition of territorial sovereignty over these islands might legitimise future claims to the adjacent territorial sea, and possibly to justify the creation of an exclusive economic zone under the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS). The direct reason for the dispute was however the fact of giving the administration over the Riukiu islands and Senkaku back to Japan (in 1972) from temporary US military administration after the WW II. Japan declined the Chine- se claims and pointed out that till the mid 1970 no such claims were laid. Additionally for both sides military (due to location it is an important point in Japanese self defence system) and political (need to show the power of the countries at realizing their national interests, claims of sovereignty over the islands raised the spirit of nationalism in both countries used by politicians) meaning of the disputed territory became clear. The claims of both sides use a variety of historical, law and other reasons. The Chinese argumentation is trying to show that its acts of prior discovery, use, and ownership of the islands are sufficient to grant it legal title and argues about the legal treaties regarding these territories asserting that Japan specifically ceded the islands to China after World War II. On the other side Japan concentrate on the facts that it claims legal possession of the islands and peacefully and continuously exercised sovereignty over the is- lands for over one hundred years also the different interpretation of the treaties is represented. Both sides present extensive documentary evidence and historical arguments to prove title to the islands and appear unwilling to negotiate any compromise. The national pride and political interest have resulted in number of protests, incidents and quarrels over these territories started mainly by Chinese nationalists to support bad feelings against Japan or to make a pressure on Japanese government. However the situation in the region, despite the lack of cooperation in this matter is stabile. The economic concurrence between the countries and their need for mineral resources make the dispute stay open and to be used in the right time (as bargain by China) but it doesn't change the fact that Japan is exercising authority over the islands. Additionally the other disputes these countries have with their neighbours make it more difficult to achieve a sati factionary result because it could influence them as the sign of weakness. It is highly possible that the dispute will stay unsolved and without causing broader tensions will be used in particular cases according to the political interests of both sides.

16

Conspicuous consumption in postwar Japan: The case of a rite of passage

80%

Papp M.

Human Affairs

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2012

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vol. 22

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issue 2

196-213

EN

This paper focuses on a specific aspect of a Japanese rite of passage called Shichigosan. Although its origins go back to premodern Japan, its contemporary pattern truly reflects the modern living conditions of the Japanese. Today the ritual is one of the most popular family celebrations. Commercialization has significantly influenced the pattern of celebration in the postwar period and as a result, consumption practices have become inherent parts of the ritual. The paper examines this development from a historical perspective. Furthermore, it discusses the process through which consumption practices contribute to the event’s significance, not diminishing but rather enhancing its importance in the observers’ eyes. Conspicuous consumption thus becomes a creative two-directional process, one which is sustained by families’ aspirations and desires, and one which is informed by forces emanating from the commercial sector and from the media.

17

Biały Orze ł i Złota Chryzantema Współpraca polsko‑japońska: mit , możliwość czy konieczność dziejowa? – wybrane aspekty

80%

Baziur G.

Politeja : Pismo Wydziału Studiów Miedzynarodowych i Politycznych Uniwersytetu Jagiellońskiego

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2017

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issue 46

307-327

EN

This article deals with the historical and contemporary Polish‑Japanese relations in various aspects of cooperation: political, military, economic and cultural types. Author discusses the traditions of Polish‑Japanese military cooperation since the Russo‑Japanese War to 1944 year, which is important in the context of the fact that during the Second World War, Poland and Japan fought on the opposite side. Despite this, two countries work together, as a common opponent was the Stalinist Soviet Union. In the following section discusses the renewal of the Polish‑Japanese relations after 1957 and their development, including the attitude of the Japanese authorities to “Solidarity” movement in 1980‑1981 to Polish‑Japanese relations after 1989. The author ends the with text summary and an attempt to outlook mutual the cooperation both countries.

18

Japanese Management: 50 Years of Evolution of the Concept

80%

Olejniczak T.

Acta Asiatica Varsoviensia

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2013

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issue 26

23-43

XX

This paper presents the debate about Japanese management in a chronological order and puts forward a new definition of the concept. As a result of literature review, we distinguished four major periods of the debate i.e. the birth of Japanese management concept (1950’s -1960’s), the peak of popularity (1970’s – 1980’s), critics and appropriation period (1990’s) and the period of dispersion (since 2000’s). The main conclusion from the review is that the current debate about the Japanese management is extremely dispersed and requires new unifying definition. We therefore put forward new, more flexible definition of Japanese management as a dynamic, multilevel and contingent concept.

19

RETHINKING GENDER, RETHINKING MIGRATION: Statistical trends and law regulations of Japanese marriage

80%

Jelonek B.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2016

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vol. 17(3)

103-109

EN

This article will endeavor to examine the process of Japanese marriage through the prismof its law regulations and various requirements, all of which are intrinsic to the formationof a marriage partnership. This will include a range of trends within the sphere of marriageand divorce, numerous examples of documents pertinent and relating to the institutionof marriage, as well as several sociological and economic theories of future trends inmarriage. The article is based on high quality multiple data sources taken from Japanesecensus reports, relevantly social statistics and nationally representative large-scale surveyssuch as the Statistical Handbook of Japan, the Japanese National Fertility Survey and VitalStatistics of Japan (2015), with scientific commentary from fellow researchers in the field.

20

PŁEĆ KULTUROWA W PRAKTYKACH MIGRACYJNYCH: Statistical trends and law regulations of Japanese marriage

80%

Jelonek B.

Miscellanea Anthropologica et Sociologica

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2016

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vol. 17(3)

103-109

PL

This article will endeavor to examine the process of Japanese marriage through the prismof its law regulations and various requirements, all of which are intrinsic to the formationof a marriage partnership. This will include a range of trends within the sphere of marriageand divorce, numerous examples of documents pertinent and relating to the institutionof marriage, as well as several sociological and economic theories of future trends inmarriage. The article is based on high quality multiple data sources taken from Japanesecensus reports, relevantly social statistics and nationally representative large-scale surveyssuch as the Statistical Handbook of Japan, the Japanese National Fertility Survey and VitalStatistics of Japan (2015), with scientific commentary from fellow researchers in the field.

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