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Colloquia Litteraria
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2009
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vol. 6
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issue 1
101-104
PL
Artykuł podejmuje problematykę religijności Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza na podstawie jego dzienników i listów.
EN
The article presents an interpretation of a poem written by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz in his old age, titled W kościele (In a Church). The poem was published in 1977 (in the volume Mapa pogody); 25 years later, it was included in an anthology of Iwaszkiewicz’s poetry selected by Czesław Miłosz. The anthology was the final phase of a long-standing dialogue between the two distinguished Polish poets. Aside from selecting texts for the anthology, Miłosz was a translator, and in his old age, he once more took upon himself a duty to comment, to evaluate and — last but not least — to preserve Iwaszkiewicz’s poetry. The poem W kościele is read as a sign of a special new agreement between the Old Masters of Poetry and its inclusion in the anthology titled A Literature Lesson with Czesław Miłosz was an important part of that.
EN
The title of the article is a quote from a poem by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, Do Pawła Valéry (To Paul Valéry), set in the context of other works by the Young Poland author. The paper investigates the two writers’ dialogue as regards the concept of “pure poetry”. Interpreting the poem allows for a reading in the context of the confrontation between two cultural paradigms: Polish and French.
EN
The article aims to analyze Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s poem entitled “The Asians”, the first work from his volume “The Weather Map”. The starting point for reflection is the motto of the poem - a conversation of three people in a theater foyer. The subject of this short exchange is the border between Europe and Asia, not the geographical but the cultural one. The dialogue can also be interpreted as an attempt to answer the question of the strength of the impact of the Euro-Asian empire — Russia. The author of the article endeavors to read the poem as the poet’s attempt to interpret his own biography. An important context is a poem by Alexander Blok, “The Scythians” written in 1918.
EN
The article “Dignified Distinctness”. Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s attitude toward his own territorial identity is an attempt to interpret the poem dedicated to Antoni Sobański in the light of the author’s Ukrainian identity, the lyrical subject and the work’s addressee. The analysis was based on the analyzed poem as well as other Ukrainian works by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, including his post-war works, in which the traces of the Ukrainian territorial identity (rarely found in his earlier texts) were reduced and selfcensored.
PL
Prezentowana korespondencja obejmuje 15 listów Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza i 17 listów Antoniego Małłka z lat 1907–1910 oraz dwa listy obu korespondentów napisane po kilkunastoletniej przerwie, w roku 1926. Główny trzon zbioru, pochodzący z kolekcji Polonijnych Zakładów Naukowych Orchard Lake, powstał we wczesnym okresie życia Iwaszkiewicza, w trakcie jego pobytu i nauki w Elisawetgradzie oraz w Kijowie. Adresatem przyszłego pisarza jest Antoni Małłek, Amerykanin polskiego pochodzenia, mieszkający w Mt. Pleasant w Pensylwanii, kilka lat starszy od Iwaszkiewicza stenografista, buchalter, student medycyny. Listy oprócz świadectwa wczesnych lat życia Iwaszkiewicza, jego emocjonalności, charakteru, marzeń i oczekiwań, dostarczają faktów wcześniej nie poruszanych przez biografów Iwaszkiewicza, takich jak chociażby ślub jego siostry Anny z Iwaszkiewiczów Krzeczkowskiej. Korespondencja poza wymianą listów w 1926 roku najprawdopodobniej nie była kontynuowana.
EN
The presented correspondence includes 15 letters by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz and 17 by Antoni Małłek from the years 1907–1910 and two letters by both correspondents written after a break of a dozen of years or so in 1926. The core of the set of letters come from Orchard Lake Schools in Michigan collection and was produced in Iwaszkiewicz’s early life while his stay and study in Yelisavetgrad and Kiev. The future writer’s addressee is Antoni Małłek, an American of Polish origin living in Mt. Pleasant, Pennsylvania, a few years Iwaszkiewicz’s senior stenographer, bookkeeper and medical student. Apart from being testimony of Iwaszkiewicz’s early life, his emotionality, character, dreams and expectations, the letters provide with facts so far undiscussed by biographers, such as the writer’s sister Anna of Iwaszkiewicz Krzeczkowska’s marriage. Most probably, after the exchange of letters in the year 1926 the correspondence was not maintained.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2014
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vol. 105
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issue 2
175-184
EN
The review of the book "Juliusz Słowacki – interpretacje i reinterpretacje" ("Juliusz Słowacki – Interpretations and Reinterpretatios") consists of 14 interpretive sketches in which attention is brought to the lyrical aspect of the poet’s creativity. Presented from different perspectives, Słowacki’s poems become a pretext for a thought about the methodology of reading the pieces, are seen as a source of inspiration for Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz and Zbigniew Herbert, and first and foremost are regarded to be constantly interesting in spite of the passing years with a view to their forms and themes.
PL
Recenzja książki "Juliusz Słowacki – interpretacje i reinterpretacje" stanowi omówienie składających się na nią 14 szkiców interpretacyjnych, w których uwaga zostaje skoncentrowana głównie na lirycznym aspekcie twórczości autora Godziny myśli. Ukazywane z różnorodnych perspektyw wiersze Słowackiego stają się pretekstem do namysłu na temat metodologii związanej z lekturą dzieła wieszcza, są przedstawiane jako źródło inspiracji dla Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza i Zbigniewa Herberta, a przed wszystkim prezentowane jako niezmiennie, pomimo upływu lat, interesujące – pod względem formalnym i tematycznym.
Pamiętnik Literacki
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2017
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vol. 108
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issue 2
99-111
PL
Artykuł stanowi analizę trzech przedstawień Sieny w literaturze polskiej XX wieku. Są one rozpatrywane nie tyle jako literackie reprezentacje miejsca, ile jako trzy odmienne sposoby wykorzystania w ogólniejszych rozważaniach kulturowo powiązanych z tym miejscem skojarzeń. Lektura wierszy Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza i Czesława Miłosza oraz eseju Zbigniewa Herberta prowadzi do wniosku, że włoskie miasto stanowiło dla pisarzy przede wszystkim przestrzeń spotkania z ponadczasowym pięknem, wobec którego palące stają się pytania o znaczenie ludzkich codzienności, niedoskonałości i cierpienia. Stąd wszystkie utwory wchodzą ze sobą w dialog skoncentrowany wokół takich opozycji, jak abstrakcja i materialność, trwanie i ruch, lekkość i ciężar, ideał i rzeczywistość.
EN
The article is an attempt at analysing three images of Siena in Polish 20th c. literature. They are approached not as much as literary representations of the place, but as three various modes of using, in more general reflections, culturally-bound associations connected with this place. Reading Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz, and Czesław Miłosz’s poems as well as Zbigniew Herbert’s essay lead to formulating the conclusion that for the writers the Italian city served first and foremost as a space of meeting timeless beauty against which the thorny issues of human everyday life significance, imperfection and suffering are voiced. As a result, all the pieces of writing enter into a dialogue focused on such oppositions as abstraction and materiality, duration and movement, lightness and heaviness, ideal and reality.
EN
The paper analyses various types of references to folk music in several poems by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz ("Ciemne ścieżki" <"Dark Paths"> and "Muzyka wieczorem" <"Night Music"> poetic volumes). It focuses on the Polish highlanders’ folk music and the music of the Kurpie region, mediated by Karol Szymanowski’s "Pieśni kurpiowskie" ("Kurpian Songs"). Reminiscences of the youth of the lyrical subject and of his past encounters with real people, primarily Szymanowski, have turned out to be one of the main functions of these references, often creating a sylleptical model of the subject. Other functions, quite typical of general relationships between poetry and music, include imitation of selected elements of a musical form or enriching the sonic level of poetical texts etc. Music presented in these poems turns out to be a catalyst for the subject’s memory, unleashing specific strategies of reminiscing and reconstructing the past.
PL
Celem artykułu jest ukazanie, w jaki sposób działalność cenzury wpłynęła na kształt redagowanego przez Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza periodyku „Nowiny Literackie”, wychodzącego w latach 1947-1948. Artykuł prezentuje, jak cenzura zubożyła jego program, jak to, co zostało opublikowane, różniło się od autentycznych poglądów na literaturę wyznawanych przez pisarzy związanych z tygodnikiem. Materiał badawczy stanowią ingerencje zachowane w dokumentach Głównego Urzędu Kontroli Prasy, Publikacji i Widowisk. Ujawnienie tych ingerencji pozwala ukazać pełniejsze oblicze ideowe tygodnika, odsłania próby kształtowania wizerunku pisma wbrew pogłębiającej się ideologizacji kultury – zmagania redakcji i autorów z cenzurą, ich walkę ze schematyzmem, uwydatnianie niebezpieczeństw nowej koncepcji realizmu, obronę tradycji. „Nowiny” postulowały otwarcie się na literaturę Zachodu i literaturę emigracyjną, uczestniczyły w najgłośniejszych – kontrolowanych przez cenzurę – dyskusjach toczonych wówczas na łamach prasy (spór o realizm, egzystencjalizm, formalizm, ocena Dwudziestolecia).
EN
The aim of the article is a presentation of the way censorship activities influenced the shape of “Literary News” (“Nowiny Literackie”) edited by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz and issued from 1947 to 1948. It shows how censorship impoverished the periodical’s program, and also the divergence between what was published and the actual views on literature of the writers connected with this weekly. The research material is composed of interventions preserved in the records of The Central Bureau of Press, Publication and Show Control (Główny Urząd Kontroli Prasy, Publikacji i Widowisk). Revelation of such interventions makes it possible to sketch a fuller ideological face of the weekly, discloses the attempts to shape the image of “Literary News” against a deepening ideologisation of culture: the editors’ and authors’ struggles with censorship, their fight with conformity, their stressing the danger of the new concept of realism, and defense of tradition. “Literary News” postulated opening to Western literature and emigration literature, took part in the well-known censorship-controlled discussions waged in the papers of that time (dispute over realism, existentialism, formalism, evaluation of the Inter-War Years).
PL
The article is an attempt to read the story The Maidens of Wilko by Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz in the light of Gilles Deleuze’s book Proust and Signs. The interpretation key is the concept of “sign” proposed and developed by the French philosopher.
EN
In the article, I am interested in the way Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz makes reference to romantic models of existence, growing out of age disease, alienating a hypersensitive hero, usually an artist, a society of philistines, a mass of common bread eaters, as well as later models of decadent melancholies straight from Modernism. Both of these attitudes were perceived as elitist, alienating from non-comprehensible crowds. For a more detailed analysis, I submit the heroes of the Pasje błędomierskie from 1938: writers of two generations - Tadeusz Zamoyłło and Leopold Kanicki, as well as the hero of Czerwone tarcze (1934), Henryk Sandomierski and Edgar Szyller and Janusz Myszyński of Sława i chwała (1956-62). All these heroes are joined by a feeling of existential anxiety, resulting largely from the entanglement in time, into the consciousness of passing away and uncertainty about the meaning of human life. They do not know suicidal inclinations, the kind of balancing on the border between life and death, and the lack of rooting in existence, becoming a burden. All these features are a model of a man of unnecessary, often immoral, decadent and melancholy, who is severely affected by his mismatch to the place and time in which he came to live. On the other hand, these attitudes are rooted in the era of Romanticism and Modernism, so it seems interesting to trace the above-mentioned connections in so different, as it seems, Iwaszkiewicz's novels.
EN
Collections of the Anna and Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz Museum in Stawisko, established in the house in which the writer and his family lived for over 50 years, possess, apart from valuable manuscripts, artworks, and everyday objects also a capacious collection of photographs dating from 1860–1980. The topic of this article is an analysis of four selected albums of photographs of the Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz family for the purpose of sketching a portrait of the writer as the first “archivist” of this varied and extensive collection – based upon reflections by Roland Barthes and Susan Sontag concerning the functions (documentation) and dual nature of photography techniques (the photograph as an image and an object), as well as benefitting from accessible knowledge about the life history and predilections of the author of Sława i chwała.
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O Niewygodzie

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EN
The text provides a detailed interpretation of the poem Niewygoda (Discomfort), written by Iwaszkiewicz at the end of his life, situated among other achievements of his late poetry and confronted with his diary entries. The main issues addressed here concern the meanings that arise at the level of versification, lexis, style and composition of the analyzed work. The poet uses tropes that constitute a departure from his earlier typical poetics characterized by discretion and moderation. This poem becomes a poignant, deeply personal confession filled with a dramatic sense of somatic pain of old age and the intuition of approaching death.
EN
This essay discusses a controversial yet not entirely obvious aspect of Jarosław Iwaszkiewicz’s oeuvre, namely his anarchist rebellion against tradition. The line from one of the poet’s late poems quoted in the title above expresses the belief permeating Iwaszkiewicz’s works starting with his early futurist poems and ending with a story “Notre-Dame-La Grande”, which was written on the wave of the student revolt in 1968. The argument is that Iwaszkiewicz should no longer be perceived only as a guardian of tradition.
EN
The main subject of the text is the poem with an incipit of “Mamo, czy ja oślepłem…” (“Mother, have I gone blind…”), which is the final poem in the Pini di Roma series, published in the second edition of Śpiewnik włoski from 1978. The interpretation of the poem is preceded by remarks on the content and composition of the two editions of the volume (the first one dated 1974, and the second one) as well as a number of remarks placing the poem in the context of European and Polish literary and cultural tradition. The poetics of “Mamo, czy ja oślepłem…” — the conversation of the dying poet with his deceased mother — allows the text to be perceived as a peculiar ‘posthumous’ poem. At the same time, the poem is very elevating, optimistic and gives a great amount of hope in comparison to other death-themed lyrics by the author of Muzyka wieczorem.
EN
This article proposes to read Iwaszkiewicz’s story titled Sérénité with more suspicion than it has been done in a traditional, usually enthusiastic reception of this prose. Firstly, the text presents typical approaches to interpretation. The main part of the article suggests certain textual qualities which may cause feel “discomfort” in the modern reader. According to the author of the paper, there is something anachronistic in the story. The story was written a long time ago and therefore the style of narration, the elements of camouflage and sophisticated tricks may seem inappropriate for such a serious subject as death. Also, the construction of the narrator and hero who is always passive, unwilling to act and focused on his inner life may today seem irritatingly anachronistic, oldfashioned and incomprehensible. These arguments are used to show that a critical analysis of the novel, due to new readers’ awareness, can surprisingly lead to interesting questions and open new paths of interpretation.
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Arietta Jarosława Iwaszkiewicza

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EN
Arietta, written in the final months of Iwaszkiewicz’s life (1894–1980), is one of a cycle of poems Music for a String Quartet from his posthumously published volume of poetry Music in the Evening (1980). Like all the poems from this cycle, it is a short poetic “narration” the central them of which is an image of an old man waiting for death. However, the structure of Arietta distinguishes the poem from other works. Unlike other poems consisting mostly of two four-line rhymed stanzas, Arietta is the only free verse, which is decidedly different from the metrical scheme used by Iwaszkiewicz in this part of the volume. In order to express one of the most crucial experiences in life, the poet crosses the borders of the formerly used model of communication (a poem-song), creating a new unique form of a poem-arietta and imitating the basic structural pattern of a musical arietta — a cavatina. An excerpt from Goethe’s Wanderers Nachtlied, slighly changed when quoted at the end of Arietta (“Warte nun balde / Ruhest du auch”), can be read as an encouragement to experience patient, fear-free waiting for the end of life, but it can also be understood as a kind of “singing” which gives you courage to face death. This final “arioso” in Iwaszkiewicz’s poem is not only a pacifying lullaby but also an expression of heroic waiting for irrevocable death.
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