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EN
This paper describes S.Y. Agnon’s ironic, dual, modern attitude to the Song of Songs, as a traditionalist and as one who identifies himself with the doctor’s statements: “We are enlightened individuals, modern people, we seek freedom for ourselves and for all humanity, and in point of fact we are worse than the most die-hard reactionaries.” Agnon’s attitude to the world of love is the attitude of a young Jewish artist of the late 19th century who lives in a world of revolutionary changes that also affect the Jewish world. Agnon’s work stands as a tombstone of the gradually unraveling Jewish shtetl and its institutions and values, specifically, the declining status of love and its significance for the values of family, society, and the Jewish nation. The young Jewish man experiences the changing seasons of the late 19th century and early 20th century, reflected in the vacillation between the traditional conception of love by the traditional world, and the modern perception that views love as an element in individual self-realization. “They say that love exists in the world” – but what is love in Agnon’s world? What are the sources of the gap that many of Agnon’s protagonists experience – the gap between yearning, dreams, and heart’s desires, and the potential for their realization in practice?
PL
Artykuł dotyczy zagadnienia traktowania filmu jak źródła wiedzy historycznej na przykładzie sposobu traktowania Żydów w społeczeństwie amerykańskim XX w. i odzwierciedlenia tej problematyki w filmach. Z przeprowadzonych analiz wynika, że istnieje wyraźna korelacja wydarzeń historycznych z tego zakresu oraz częstotliwości i sposobu ukazywania dylematów odrębnej religijnie i kulturowo mniejszości żydowskiej w USA. Nie jest to jednak relacja jednostronna, gdyż filmy nie tylko ukazywały ten specyficzny problem społeczny, lecz także wpływały na zmianę nastawienia Amerykanów do grupy żydowskiej. Aczkolwiek kwestia roli, jaką w historiografii odgrywają filmy, wymaga dalszych, poszerzonych studiów, artykuł jednoznacznie wykazuje, że z konieczną dozą ostrożności można uznać dzieła filmowe za uprawnione źródło wiedzy o wydarzeniach historycznych, w tym przede wszystkim o nastrojach społecznych epoki.
EN
The article deals with the question of film as a source of historical knowledge using the example of how Jews were treated in American society in the 20th century and how this was reflected in films. His analysis suggests that there is a clear correlation between historical events of this period and the frequency and manner of portraying the dilemmas of the religiously and culturally separate Jewish minority in the United States. But this is not a one-sided relationship, as films not only reflected this social issue, but also influenced American attitudes towards the Jewish minority. Although the question of the role played by films in historiography requires further, wider investigations, the article clearly shows that with certain caution, films can be treated as a source of historical knowledge, and especially on the social attitudes of the era.
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