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The Kabbalistic Alphabet of Libeskind: The Motif of Letter-shaped Windows in the Design of the Jewish Museum in Berlin

100%

Kamczycki A.

Ikonotheka

2018

vol. 28

7-40

The present article attempts to analyse and interpret the structure of windows in the Jewish Museum in Berlin, designed by Daniel Libeskind and constructed in 1989–1999. Elongated, narrow, irregular window openings arranged at different angles like a tangle of cuts and grooves span the entire structure and resemble Hebrew letters and the kabbalistic notion of the “scattered alphabet”, which functions in Jewish tradition as a visual metaphor. The assumption of such a perspective of interpretation, based on the visual form of the building which was, in its principle, meant to partially refer to the Holocaust, leads to the hypothesis that the chosen motifs of letter-shaped windows (the scattered alphabet) is connected to the kabbalistic postulate of the “repair of the world”, known in Jewish tradition as tikkun olam. The characteristic chaotic arrangement of the window openings is not, as it might be assumed, simply a symbol of the civilisational “fragmentation” resulting from the Holocaust. On the contrary, the design manifestly embodies the nostalgia for the mythical (and messianic) times of harmony, order and regularity, as well as the longing for clear structure and symbiosis. This manifests in the kabbalistic interpretation of the motif of letter-windows understood as a mystical (or even theurgical) element of restoration. Concentration, contemplation, perception and consideration of the forms and shapes of the letters is a notion known from the Kabbalah; in this case architectural references to Jewish mysticism are more than just a strategy for interpretation, but a declarative assumption made by the architect himself. Libeskind’s design in Berlin, therefore, involves the matter of language as the elementary material and instrument of salvation, while the context of the Kabbalah ought to be regarded as a certain symptom or a specific modality shaping new meanings manifested by the work of art that this museum undoubtedly is.

Muzea religijne Lwowa przełomu XIX i XX wieku na tle muzeów miejskich i prywatnych

51%

Skrzydlewska B.

Facta Simonidis

2022

vol. 15

issue 2

51-65

The history of Lviv museology is so rich that the activities of its museums can be considered in many aspects. This is probably a result of the specific political, religious and, consequently, cultural situation of this city. Lviv was inhabited by representatives of various religions, whose followers organized their own museums. Thus, the following institutions operated in Lviv: the Roman Catholic Archdiocesan Museum, the Museum of the Stauropegic Institute, the Ukrainian National Museum, the Jewish Museum, and the Armenian Museum. The large part of the collection consisted of objects withdrawn from worship, and it was expanded over time by donations and occasional purchases. Another important group in Lviv are private museums and collections. Many of the city’s residents, not necessarily the wealthiest ones, developed their own passions by amassing collections of works of art or books, while those interested in the natural world collected biological and geological specimens. Those collections were usually private and available only to individuals. However, there were also a few museums, created on the initiative of private collectors, such as the Dzieduszycki family, which were donated to the city and were available to the general public, becoming a place for extensive scientific research.

Historia muzealnictwa lwowskiego jest na tyle bogata, że działalność placówek muzealnych rozpatrywać można w wielu aspektach. Przyczyniła się do tego zapewne specyficzna sytuacja polityczna, religijna, a co za tym idzie i kulturowa tego miasta. Lwów zamieszkiwali przedstawiciele różnych religii, wyznawcy każdej z tych grup postarali się o zorganizowanie własnego muzeum. Działały więc we Lwowie następujące placówki: Muzeum Archidiecezjalne Rzymskokatolickie, Muzeum Instytutu Stauropigialnego, Ukraińskie Muzeum Narodowe, Muzeum Żydowskie i Muzeum Ormiańskie. Podstawę zbiorów stanowiły obiekty wycofane z kultu, poszerzane z czasem o dary i sporadycznie o zakupy. Kolejną ważną grupą na mapie Lwowa są muzea i kolekcje prywatne. Wielu mieszczan, nie tylko tych najbogatszych, rozwijało własne pasje i dawało wyraz swoim zainteresowaniom poprzez gromadzenie kolekcji dzieł sztuki, bogatych zbiorów bibliotecznych, zaś pasjonaci świata przyrody zbierali okazy z pogranicza biologii i geologii. Zbiory te miały zazwyczaj charakter prywatny i dostępne były wyłącznie dla osób indywidualnych. Jednak powstawały też muzea z inicjatywy prywatnych zbieraczy, jak np. Dzieduszyckich, które zostały przekazane miastu i były otwarte dla szerszej publiczności, a także stały się miejscem szeroko zakrojonych badań naukowych.

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1 Facta Simonidis

1 Ikonotheka

1 Kamczycki A.

1 Skrzydlewska B.

1 2022

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The Kabbalistic Alphabet of Libeskind: The Motif of Letter-shaped Windows in the Design of the Jewish Museum in Berlin

Muzea religijne Lwowa przełomu XIX i XX wieku na tle muzeów miejskich i prywatnych