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EN
There are no reasons to state that Samuel Hirschfeld, who has come to Biała as a philosophy doctor and a rabbinical school graduate, got interested in Zionism only after becoming the rabbi of Biała. He himself writes about the peculiar generational experience, stating the date of birth of his ideological directions right after the turn of the 20. century. It has to be admitted, though, that the local zionistic society has given Hirschfeld a medium, by means of which his voice can still be heard. This medium was the „Tygodnik Żydowski” („Jewish Weekly” magazine), on the pages of which the rabbi of Biała used to explain the meaning of Tora, to teach about tradition and to interpret the reality around him
EN
Already in the first weeks of Poland’s independence the Polish government had to face a series of anti-Jewish incidents on territories under its authority.The article seeks to ascertain whether the Jewish question in Poland was present in the American press, which after the First World War was becoming increasingly influential in the world in connection with the USA’s economic and financial power.The author determines which riots were reported in the American press and how objective the accounts were. Attention is paid to the reaction of the Jewish and Polish organizations in the United States to the reports from Poland and its descriptionin the American press. The last important issue dealt with in the article is the time scope of the description of the anti-Jewish incidents in Poland. All these detailed questions allow to grasp the interesting problem of the creation of th eimage of reborn Poland across the Atlantic.The image abroadis an important issue for every country, but for independent Poland, which was establishing its borders and sovereign existence after a war that had ruined its economic basis, this was an issue that could determine the country’s future destiny as the United States and other Entente powers had a decisive voice at the Peace Conference in Paris.
PL
W kolejnej (43) części Biblioteki Myśli Spółdzielczej przypominamy obszerne fragmenty opracowania Abrahama Prowalskiego pt. Spółdzielczość żydowska w Polsce, Warszawa 1933, które ukazało się staraniem Komisji Kredytowej Komitetu dla Zbadania Potrzeb Gospodarczych Ludności Żydowskiej w Polsce przy Instytucie Badań Spraw Narodowościowych. Studium Prowalskiego charakteryzuje zwłaszcza żydowską spółdzielczość kredytową (zrzeszoną w 3 związkach rewizyjnych, tj. Związku Żydowskich Towarzystw Spółdzielczych w Polsce, Powszechnym Związku na Własnej Pomocy Opartych Spółdzielni, Związku Żydowskich Kupieckich Stowarzyszeń Spółdzielczych) oraz kasy kredytu bezprocentowego, tzw. Gemilas Chesed. W 1931r. w Polsce działało 766 spółdzielni kredytowych oraz 581 żydowskich kas bezprocentowych.
EN
In the next (43rd) part of the Cooperative Thought Library we remind excerpts from the Abraham Prowalski’s study, entitled Jewish cooperatives in Poland, Warsaw 1933, which was published by the Credit Commission of the Committee for the Investigation of the Economic Needs of the Jewish People in Poland at the Institute of Ethnic Issues’ Research. The Prowalski’s study characterizes mainly the Jewish credit cooperatives (affiliated to the 3 revisory associations, i.e. the Union of Jewish Cooperative Societies in Poland, the Commonwealth Association of Societies Based on Self-Help, the Jewish Association of Merchants’ Cooperative Societies) and the interest-free credit associations, the so-called Gemilas Chesed. In 1931 in Poland there were 766 credit cooperatives and 581 Jewish interest-free associations.
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Ferdynand Zweig (1898–1988)

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EN
The purpose of this article is to present the biography of Ferdynand Zweig, professor, economist, one of the most original students of Adam Krzyżanowski. The analysis of the turning points of F. Zweig’s life also presents the history of the Jewish minority in Poland, the discourse on the identity of the individual in the border situation and the attitude towards the Holocaust.
PL
Celem niniejszego artykułu jest omówienie życia i twórczości Ferdynanda Zweiga, profesora, ekonomisty i jednego z najbardziej oryginalnych myślicieli spośród uczniów Adama Krzyżanowskiego. Poprzez analizę punktów zwrotnych w życiu F. Zweiga przedstawiono również dzieje mniejszości żydowskiej w Polsce, scharakteryzowano dyskurs dotyczący tożsamości jednostki w sytuacji granicznej oraz stosunek profesora do Zagłady.
EN
The point of departure for this article is the memory of moving fragments of Janusz Korczak’s journal from Warsaw ghetto. The author confronts the fragments with Korczak’s earlier texts, such as the short storied about holiday camps for Polish and Jewish children, and the novel Król Maciuś na bezludnej wyspie [King Maciuś on a Desert Island]. The image of a canary bird, used in the novel, is confronted with other symbolic stories about this bird, such as the story in Wiesław Myśliwski’s Pałac [Palace]. With reference to the image, the article invokes Korczak’s meditations on identity and tolerance, and human ethical and aesthetic choices. The audacity of Korczak’s thoughts and conclusions goes far beyond his time, and seems perfectly fit for ours.
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