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Krytyka perypatetyckich poglądów kosmologicznych w Selenografii Heweliusza

100%
Jasiński M.
Analecta. Studia i Materiały z Dziejów Nauki
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2014
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vol. 23
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issue 1(44)
69-122
EN
The article describes sections of a book by Gdańsk astronomer Johannes Hevelius (1611-1647) Selenographia, sive Lunae descriptio ( Gdańsk 1647), in which he polemises with views of his contemporary opponents of heliocentric theory and new astronomy. Hevelius calls them, narrowing the meaning of the word, peripatetics (such term has been adopted in the article) and criticizes them for their reluctance to accept the truth of telescope observations and for rigorous adherence to the letter of the works of Aristotle, even if the facts speak against them. Statements criticised by him concern the following dilemmas: sunspots, the nature of the body of the moon and mountains on its surface, celestial spheres and several minor questions. Hevelius challenges the described views drawing on his own, precise astronomical observations, referring to scientific works, including those written by peripatetics, and making some common sense observations contradictory to the statements of supporters of old cosmology. The first part of the article presents sections of the book of Hevelius that were critical of peripatetics and places them against the background of astronomical theories of the time. The second one comprises additions containing translations of the said parts of the book.
2

The Correspondence between Johannes Hevelius and Pierre des Noyers, as the Mirror of Scientific Novelties

63%
Grell C.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2019
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vol. 64
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issue 1
117–123
EN
Pierre des Noyers (1608–1693), a disciple of Gilles Personne de Roberval, is the most important correspondent of Johannes Hevelius. Their correspondence consists of 257 letters, in a corpus of 2700 letters, i.e. about 10% of the total. Pierre des Noyers came to Poland with Queen Louise-Marie de Gonzague. During his Polish travels he spent some time in Gdańsk (December 1646) and met the astronomer who was a prominent member of the city elite, as one of the most important brewers. During this period, Hevelius was completing his Selenographia (1647) and Pierre des Noyers was very helpful in expanding a European network that already included Marin Mersenne and Pierre Gassendi. The relations between the two scholars were very intense. After the death of the Queen (1667), des Noyers stayed in his friend’s house. The last letter is dated October 1686. Hevelius died in January 1687. Pierre des Noyers remained in Poland where he died in 1693. At this point I would like to present some conclusions based on my analysis of this correspondence, thereby introducing the third volume of the series Correspondance de Johannes Hevelius to be published in 2019.
3

“Peripheral” Astronomy in the Correspondence of Johannes Hevelius: A Case Study of Maria Cunitia and Elias von Löwen

45%
Włodarczyk J.
Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki
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2019
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vol. 64
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issue 1
147–155
EN
The letters of Johannes Hevelius reveal a very interesting map of the European astronomy of the 17th century. Significantly, Hevelius was not only a key agent in the transmission of scientific information among the main centres which, for example, made Gdańsk equally important as London and Paris for early modern uranography. Hevelius also exchanged letters with astronomers whose achievements are hardly ever discussed within the framework of the general history of astronomy. And yet the analysis of their activities allows for the complete reconstruction of 17th century astronomy, including its diversification which stemmed from the tensions between tradition and modernity as well as from the specific research interests of minor scholars. One such case is Maria Cunitia (1610–1664) and her husband, Elias von Löwen (Crätschmair; c. 1602–1661) based in Silesia. Maria Cunitia is acknowledged for her Urania Propitia (1650), an innovative adaptation of the mathematical astronomy of Johannes Kepler’s Rudolphine Tables. In turn von Löwen authored astronomical calendars and ephemerids. Their correspondence with Hevelius – 22 letters from the years 1648–1654 – constitutes an important source of knowledge about the astronomical ‘background’ which allowed them to complete their published works as well as about the activities of such astronomers from outside the major scientific centres. It is my intention to discuss the astronomical content of these letters.
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