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The article presents an analysis of the electoral system applied in the elections to the Sejm of the Polish People’s Republic in June 1989 from the perspective of the use of electoral engineering tools. These are changes made to the electoral system that affect the electoral process, aiming to change the probability of a particular election result in line with the interests of the decision-maker, and not directly affecting the electoral decisions of voters in relation to the electoral offer presented. The focus was on answering two research questions: whether electoral engineering tools were applied in the case of the elections to the Sejm of the Polish People’s Republic of the 10th term, and if so, whether the tools applied produced an effect consistent with the intentions of the deci-sion-making centre. The analysis was conducted in relation to the electoral system Strict sense: the norms determining the shape of the broadest possible electoral offer, the structure of constituencies, the electoral formula, and the voter’s rights during the act of voting.
EN
Half-democratic parliamentary elections held in Poland in June 1989 revealed a gap in the election act of April 7, 1989. Only two candidates who ran on the national list were elected deputies, and 33 seats became vacant. In the electoral law there was no answer what to do in such situation. The representatives of the communist authorities and the democratic opposition found the compromise and the electoral law was changed between the first and the second round of elections. The author describes, how the decree and the resolution issued by the Council of the State on June 12, were prepared, presents their regulations and the serious doubts about their legality. The amendments to the election act created 33 new seats which were reserved for the government candidates, and there were only five days between promulgation of the new law and the day of the second round of the elections, so that situation was indeed extraordinary.
PL
Podczas półdemokratycznych wyborów parlamentarnych przeprowadzonych w czerwcu 1989 r. ujawniła się oczywista wada ordynacji wyborczej z 7 kwietnia 1989 r. Spośród 35 kandydatów z krajowej listy wyborczej tylko dwóch zostało wybranych na posłów na Sejm. Ordynacja nie określała natomiast sposobu obsadzenia pozostałych mandatów. Doszło wówczas do porozumienia pomiędzy przedstawicielami władzy i opozycji, w wyniku którego znowelizowano prawo wyborcze pomiędzy pierwszą a drugą turą głosowania. Autor przedstawia okoliczności wydania dekretu oraz uchwały Rady Państwa z 12 czerwca 1989 r., treść ich przepisów oraz wątpliwości co do ich legalności. Wyjątkowość przeprowadzonej zmiany prawa wyborczego polegała na tym, że pomiędzy pierwszą a drugą turą głosowania utworzono 33 nowe mandaty, zaś między ogłoszeniem zmian w ordynacji wyborczej a dniem głosowania minęło zaledwie pięć dni.
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