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TESTAMENTS OF THE INHABITANTS OF KIEV IN THE 16TH AND THE 1ST HALF OF THE 17TH C. (THE HISTORICAL AND SOURCE-TEXT ASPECTS) (Testamenty mieszkanców Kijowa z XVI - pierwszej polowy XVII wieku)

100%

Bilous N.

Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej

2010

vol. 58

issue 2

245-258

The texts discussed in the present article have not been studied by historians so far, although testaments from Kiev, like testaments from the territory of the Crown of Poland, offer wide research opportunities. They can be used to study legal and economic issues, everyday life, mentality, spirituality and human attitudes to death. They present the testator's last will against the wide social context, involving the family, neighbours, friends, debtors and creditors. They indicate the financial position of the testator, and sometimes even show how money could be earned and how it was supposed to be spent (this concerns mostly the contents of trunks and stalls). The analysis of movables owned by the elite of Kiev burghers leads to the conclusion that they tried to imitate the lifestyle of the local gentry. Secondly, as is pointed out by Andrzej Pospiech, movables, regardless of how accessible they are in comparison with estates, are very clear indicators of social status. One of such indicators is undoubtedly the clothing. Burgher dress was largely influenced by the costume of the gentry, which was one of the symptoms of the extensive influence of the gentry culture on burgher elites, both in the Crown and in the Ukraine. The observations presented in the article should be treated as preliminary, due to the limited source basis available. Testaments from the Ukraine, especially those of the gentry from the Ruthenian and Volhynian voivodeships, have survived in hundreds, together with the basic archives of court records. In the case of Kiev, however, the situation is different, since all the city records from the period in question were destroyed by wars and fires. Only a few extracts and bequests recorded in other sources have been preserved. Since testaments give us much wider opportunities of studying the history of Ukrainian burghers that could be presented in the article, it seems that those few surviving texts should be published. Comparing them to the last wills from other towns will undauntedly contribute to the study of the living standard of the inhabitants of the south-eastern part of the Commonwealth.

PEACE CONFERENCE OF THE UKRAINIAN STATE AND THE SOVIET RUSSIA IN KIEV IN 1918 (Konferencja pokojowa Panstwa Ukrainskiego i Rosji Radzieckiej w Kijowie w 1918 r.)

88%

Kolasinski M.

Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

2010

vol. 45

59-90

The article presents the course of peace conference between the Ukrainian State (UD) and the Soviet Russia (RSFRR) held in Kiev from May till October 1918. Its convening was anticipated by the German-Russian peace treaty of 3 March 1918. In contrast to negotiations in Lithuanian Brzesc, this time the Bolshevik diplomacy proved to be more efficient than the Ukrainian one. It managed to suppress German military pressure, delay ad acta the signing of the peace treaty, and, owing to the activity of delegation members, achieve a rise in revolutionary spirits in Ukraine. The Ukrainian party did not manage to delimitate the state border or provide protection for its citizens on the territory of the Soviet Russia. The only success of the conference was the signing of preliminary treaty on 12 June 1918. Afterwards, its activity was terminated. Moscow and Kiev held differing views on all fundamental matters: boundary line; the principles of legal succession after the Russian Empire, and, in consequence, the distribution of its equities and assets; civil affiliation of its inhabitants; and finally, the principles of mutual economic relations. UD did not possess effective tools to exert pressure on RSFRR, and its German ally was not willing to enter a conflict with Bolsheviks over somebody else-s interests. The defeat of Central States eliminated the last factor that impelled Moscow to negotiate with Kiev. Similarly to the previous year, Moscow decided to regulate mutual relations on military grounds.

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1 Kwartalnik Historii Kultury Materialnej

1 Studia z Dziejów Rosji i Europy Środkowo-Wschodniej

2 2010

1 Bilous N.

1 Kolasinski M.

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TESTAMENTS OF THE INHABITANTS OF KIEV IN THE 16TH AND THE 1ST HALF OF THE 17TH C. (THE HISTORICAL AND SOURCE-TEXT ASPECTS) (Testamenty mieszkanców Kijowa z XVI - pierwszej polowy XVII wieku)

PEACE CONFERENCE OF THE UKRAINIAN STATE AND THE SOVIET RUSSIA IN KIEV IN 1918 (Konferencja pokojowa Panstwa Ukrainskiego i Rosji Radzieckiej w Kijowie w 1918 r.)