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1

BOHEMIAN ROYAL TOWNS (PILSEN, ČESKÉ BUDĚJOVICE, CHEB) UNDER THE POWER OF MATTHIAS CORVINUS

100%
Šandera M.
Mesto a dejiny
|
2020
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vol. 9
|
issue 1
6 – 44
EN
This study deals with the fate of the only three Czech royal towns, which during the protracted conflict over the Czech throne (1468–1479) declared themselves under the auspices of the Hungarian ruler Matthias Corvinus (České Budějovice, Pilsen), or had his authority under the title of King of Bohemia (from May 1469) successfully applied over them (Cheb). It reveals the motives for their leaning to the side of Matthias Corvinus and analyses their positions as military powers and, to a lesser extent, intelligence centres, deals with the changes in the holdings of real estate property in the towns in the course of Corvinus’s reign, and shows the compositions of the town councils, their efforts to maintain independent political approaches (especially in the case of Cheb) and the development of their relations with the military command of the city. Attention is also paid to the ecclesiastical administration and cultural level of these municipalities during Matthias’s reign.
2

UNITY, CONFESSION, POWER. SYMBOLIC COMMUNICATION IN THE TOWN OF SLANÝ IN THE 17TH CENTURY

100%
Kadeřábek J.
Mesto a dejiny
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2017
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vol. 6
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issue 1
6 – 16
EN
Presented study deals with the problems of change of symbolic communication during the Counter-Reformation period in the Kingdom of Bohemia. It focuses on a micro-historical characterization of the royal town of Slaný in the 17th century which belonged to the group of significant utraquist royal towns in Bohemia but was pledged to the catholic family of Counts of Martinice.
3

ČESKÉ KRÁLOVSTVÍ A ANGLIE V DOBĚ LUCEMBURKŮ

75%
Kuthan J.
ARS
|
2018
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vol. 51
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issue 1-2
3 – 17
EN
Royal representations by the means of architecture and art as developed in England in the era of Richard II and Anne of Bohemia were in the last third of the 14th century the most remarkable phenomenon of its kind. It is possible to identify an echo of Prague art in English milieu – for example in the illumination of the Codex Liber Regalis (Westminster Abbey, London MS 38). Relations between England and Bohemia were also reflected in a lively reception of John Wycliffe, an English theologian and thinker. Similarities in English architecture and the work of Prague-based Peter Parler led to speculations about the possibility of Parler’s inspiration by English Gothic – and if so, whether this inspiration was mediated by drawings or whether Parler saw some of the English Gothic buildings himself before coming to Prague. The distance between Prague and London is not short, yet it is possible to identify numerous connections between architecture and other arts in the Kingdom of Bohemia and England throughout the 13th and especially 14th century.
4
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SILVER AND GLASS IN MEDIEVAL TRADE AND CULTURAL EXCHANGE BETWEEN VENICE AND THE KINGDOM OF BOHEMIA

75%
Zaoral R.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
|
2011
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vol. 109
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issue 2
235-261
EN
The study was written with two main intentions. The first idea is to refer to the connection between reforms of coins, weights and measures, realized in the 1260s and 1270s from the decision of Premysl II Ottokar, King of Bohemia (1253-1278), and legal and administrative changes, carried out at the mint of Venice (Zecca) and the house of German merchants (Fondaco dei Tedeschi), as a background for the development of trade contacts between the Kingdom of Bohemia and Venice. The second aim is to point to the fact that this long-distance trade had a cultural dimension. The archaeological finds from the Czech lands support a direct connection between exported silver bullion and imported Islamic and Italian glass, linked to a high dining culture focused on a wine consumption.
5

VZŤAHY UHORSKÉHO A ČESKÉHO KRÁĽOVSTVA V DRUHEJ POLOVICI 60. ROKOV 15. STOROČIA

75%
Homoľa T.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2016
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vol. 64
|
issue 1
3 – 20
EN
The relations with the King of Bohemia George of Poděbrady were a key factor in the foreign policy of Mathias Corvinus from the beginning of his reign. Initially correct and close relations between Mathias and George became later more changeable as a result of the momentary interests of the monarchs. Their relations gradually became more complicated and cooler, finally leading to open conflict in 1468. The diplomatic ties between the kingdoms of Hungary and Bohemia in the period 1465 – 1469 are the subject of the present study. At this time the territory of the Kingdom of Bohemia was at the intersection of the interests of various European powers. Apart from Mathias Corvinus, the Holy Roman Emperor Frederick III, King Kazimír IV of Poland from the Jagiello dynasty, the Pope and various German dukes from the Wittelsbach and Hohenzollern dynasties were involved in Czech affairs. Apart from describing the relations between the Hungarian and Czech monarchs, the paper aims to put their steps into the context of international affairs in this period.
6

MARIAN PLAGUE COLUMNS IN JAROMĚŘ AND POLIČKA: A COMPARATIVE STUDY ON BAROQUE SCULPTURAL DECORATIONS OF THE BOHEMIAN URBAN PUBLIC SPACE IN THE FIRST HALF OF THE EIGHTEENTH CENTURY

75%
Vojtíšková J., Polehla P.
Mesto a dejiny
|
2021
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vol. 10
|
issue 1
104 - 133
EN
The present study sets Marian plague columns into a broader context based on fragmentally preserved sources as well as existing literature related to the topic (especially regional historiography, art history and historic preservation. Through the comparison of two minor East-Bohemian towns of a comparable population, it follows the factors playing a significant role in the creation of complex Baroque sculptural compositions. At the same time, it aims to identify the functions that the sculptures were to fulfil through their position in the public space. In this sense the study is inspired by the classic essay by Peter Burke called Conspicuous consumption in seventeenth-century Italy, which considers “the consumption” to be a specific form of communication. The composition of Marian plague columns can be perceived as an undeniable form of communication. From multiple perspectives, the article documents the key determinants, which are sometimes rather surprising, influencing the choice of partial components of the sculptural compositions as well as their overall impression – the communicative intention. Both Marian plague columns, to this day the most important monuments decorating the public space of the towns in question, are therefore approached in an interdisciplinary way especially in the context of the history of the towns, their manors and the East-Bohemian region. Therefore, the religious situation of both towns and their surroundings is not overlooked either. With regard to the fact that Jaroměř and Polička have been royal dowry towns, the Marian plague columns also reflect the relation to the Bohemian queen, which is expressed verbally as inscriptions on them. In particular, the artwork in Polička and the events related to its creation importantly signalize the “conspicuous consumption”.
7

ARISTOCRATIC ENCLAVES AS A FOREIGN LEGAL ELEMENT IN URBAN SPACE

75%
Starý M.
Mesto a dejiny
|
2022
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vol. 11
|
issue 2
27 – 55
EN
Disciplination of the population in the medieval and early modern city may have been complicated by the presence of an alien element, which in the bourgeois environment was the nobility. In many cases, the nobility was able to acquire town houses and sometimes even managed to have them exempted from the jurisdiction of the municipal authorities and registered in the land tables. Be that as it may, these houses constituted legal enclaves of their kind. The study examines the legal conditions of these enclaves against the background of the legal developments in the Kingdom of Bohemia and Margraviate of Moravia in the fourteenth–seventeenth centuries and tries both to summarize the existing knowledge and to draw attention to some better though lesser-known sources that document this issue.
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