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1

Tischner and Kolakowski

100%
Michalski K.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3-4(18)
105-113
EN
This paper gathers reflections on the occasion of a new edition (2002) of Józef Tischer's 'Polski ksztalt dialogu' (Polish Shape of Dialogue). According to the author, Tischner's book is on origins of fascination with Marxism, on what was good about it: sensitivity for human work being brutalized. This is also a book on origins of resistance against Marxism, both in life and in thought - resistance that flows from unconstrained respect for dignity and autonomy of every particular human being. This respect was shared by Tischner and Kołakowski, the author of 'Ethics without a Moral Code' and 'Main Currents of Marxism', whatever other differences in politics, ideology or philosophy divided them both back then and later on.
2

Leszek Kolakowski: The Theatre of Discourse

100%
Borzym S.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
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vol. 6
|
issue 3-4(18)
115-128
EN
The article shows the characteristic feature of Leszek Kolakowski's philosophical work; his tendency to treat each interpretation as a kind of stage creation. A protagonist of every discussed world-view offers discursive and argumentative intellectual possibilities that are followed by another creation. That is why the force of this philosophy does not consist in organic systematic thinking but in continuing presentation of mental possibilities and making them debatable.
3

Kolakowski redivivus

100%
Styczynski M.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3-4(18)
129-134
EN
In this review, the author is dealing with the 3-volume set of early philosophical writings of Leszek Kolakowski, a key-figure in the Warsaw School of the History of Ideas. They cover the period of the late 50s and 60s of the 20th century and include his philosophical, political, and religious papers, reviews, plays and poetry translations additional to his main works written in that time. The bibliography of his works until 1970 is also included. The author tries to analyse the main features of Kolakowski's philosophy (namely the incompatibility of values) taking into account the dramatic political events in Poland of that time.
4

Philosopher and Polis. Reason in Face of Politics in Leszek Kolakowski's Thought

100%
Zychowicz J.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3-4(18)
171-189
EN
The paper concerns the inner split in Leszek Kolakowski's thought: between political participation and - usually so called - the first philosophy. The author focuses mainly on the reading of the third part of 'Main Currents of Marxism' and recognizes this part as a crown of the philosopher's reflection on the question of political participation in that time. He makes an objection to Kolakowski that while treating Marxism as a myth, i.e., a harmful falsity, he does not only hunt - like a man of Enlightenment - his previous client, defended in 'The Presence of Myth', but also reveals his own helplessness against mythical powers that he refers to.
5

Man versus Man - On Leszek Kolakowski's Philosophy

100%
Niecikowski J.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
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vol. 6
|
issue 3-4(18)
191-197
EN
There is a contradiction the positions presented in Leszek Kolakowski's books 'Szkice o filozofii katolickiej' (Essays on Catholic Philosophy) and 'Religion. If There Is no God...'. It is a contradiction between claims being defended or positions being taken. In the first case, it would be an antireligious position, and in the latter - recreancy, or in another vocabulary, laudable distancing from the error. The paper's author, without evaluating any of these positions, indicates a specific paradox in Kolakowski's thought that shows that a change of the philosophical position does not mean a rejection of the humanistic point of view, present from the very start. In the very core of Kolakowski's reflection, there is still a human being - as an autonomic and value-creative being. This human being has to be defended against absolutistic designs of religion, Marxism, collectivity, etc., or, in another vein, against the sublime idea of humanity which - as historical practice shows - can be directed against the human being.
6

Leszek Kolakowski and the Warsaw School of the History of Ideas

80%
Walicki A.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 6
|
issue 2-3(18)
33-53
EN
This paper - a translation of a talk given at the University of Sydney in 1984 - focuses on the worldview and methodology of the so-called 'Warsaw school of history of ideas', represented in 1960s by Leszek Kolakowski, Bronislaw Baczko and the author of the paper. The origin of ideas shared by these historians of philosophy is to be found in a specifically Polish version of Marxist revisionism that rejects the dogmatic theory of dialectical Marxism and tries to transform the historical materialism into a kind of hermeneutics showing multiple historical determinations of cognition and lack of justification for any attempts to represent a single and unique objective truth. This was of course directed against the official theory of 'scientific worldview' and 'scientific socialism'.
7

CONTROVERSY OVER DIVINE THINGS. INTRODUCTION (Spor o rzeczy boskie. Wprowadzenie)

80%
Piorczynski J.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2010
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vol. 9
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issue 2(27)
81-133
EN
The Controversy over Divine Things is comprised of the Jacobi's work 'On Divine Things and Their Revelation' (1811) that was critical to Schelling, Schelling's reply (1812), and the contemporary opinions on the controversy. The first, larger part, of the paper presents the circumstances of the controversy, its motivations, orientation points, positions taken and ways of making the points, formal methods, argumentation strategies, methods of depreciation of the opponent's ideas and himself. The second part is about the controversy over science. According to Jacobi, science refers only to the natural world, so the knowledge of the supernatural is impossible. A radical split of science and faith follows, all philosophy and theology is considered idolatry, and all manifest forms of religious life are rejected. According to Schelling, however, science and scientific philosophy that is able to decide the matters of traditional metaphysics is possible. That is why, in his opinion, faith will turn into science, into scientific philosophy. Yet, Schelling never realized his project concerning the divine things, and later completely gave it up. In the last part, it is shown that as far as the controversy is concerned, the views of Jacobi and Leszek Kolakowski are not only similar in spirit but completely identical as well.
8

Leszek Kolakowski: the Work in the Shadow

80%
Mencwel A.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3-4(18)
199-216
EN
Leszek Kolakowski's 'Swiadomosc religijna i wiez koscielna' (Religious Consciousness and the Church Bond) is a book that appeared in a certain constellation, and it is a guiding star of this constellation. The work was published in February 1965. Beside it, such fundamental works appear as Andrzej Walicki's 'The Slavophile Controversy: History of a Conservative Utopia' (printed in August 1964), Bronislaw Baczko's 'Rousseau, samotnosc i wspólnota' (Rousseau, Solitude and Community), printed in October 1964 and Jerzy Szacki's 'Kontrrewolucyjne paradoksy' (Counter-revolutionary Paradoxes), printed in September 1965. At first, the issues raised in Kołakowski's book were not in the focus of attention of young philosophers - students, postgraduate students and listeners that were creating 'the Warsaw school of history of ideas'. With time, it was Kolakowski's work, 'work in the shadow', as the author of the paper - and witness of its original reception - calls it, that contributed a lot to arousing interest with these and similar issues, and then - to a conscious research that stemmed from a shared problem horizon, which led to continuations, verifications and criticisms of cognitive positions.
9

Domesticating Horror

80%
Szpakowska M.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3-4(18)
97-104
EN
This paper presents three books by Leszek Kolakowski: 'The Presence of Myth' (1972), 'Religion. If There Is no God...' (1st English ed. 1982), 'Metaphysical Horror' (1st English edition 1988) as a coherent explication of philosopher's views on the question of relationship between knowledge and faith. 'The Presence of Myth' leads to a conclusion that - since assumptionless knowledge is impossible - what we know is only a fragment in the space of our faith. 'Religion. If There Is no God...' claims that even religion gives us no absolute certainty: religious experience is impossible to communicate it, and 'natural theology' concludes in a vicious circle: the certainty of theological arguments should be guaranteed by the Absolute, which existence we try to demonstrate. Finally, 'Metaphysical Horror' describes persistent and hopeless pursuit of the Absolute, that is the task of the European philosophy; although for a long time it is aware of impossibility to reach it, it does not cease to chase after it.
10

Leszek Kolakowski and His Thinking on Religion

80%
Kloczowski J. A.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3-4(18)
87-95
EN
The author tries to make explicit the most important themes in Leszek Kolakowski's book 'The Presence of Myth' in order to understand his view on religion. The cognitive value of the book, according to the paper's author, is twofold. On the one hand, the book is a result of genuine work in thinking that allowed Kolakowski, previously a Marxist thinker, and then a critical rationalist, to radically change his position in regards of interpreting and understanding religion. On the other hand, it is an original attempt to justify a non-reductive understanding of religion. Though Kolakowski refrains from tackling the question of the existence of 'Unconditioned Reality', being convinced that such an attempt is intellectually futile, nonetheless he gives serious arguments for the durability of the human need for finding a place in the world by seeking the answer about the meaning of human life.
11

If Someone Does Not Believe In God...Reading Kolakowski

80%
Eilstein H.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3-4(18)
55-85
EN
The paper is an abridged version of the book under the same title and of a chapter of the book 'Homo sapiens i wartosci' (Homo Sapiens and Values). The authoress accepts a naturalistic position, called also 'metaphysical physicalism', and raises objections against Leszek Kolakowski's views expressed in his book 'Religion. If There Is no God...' concerning religion in its existential and moral dimension.
12

On Consolation that Leszek Kolakowski's 'Metaphysical Horror' offers

80%
Dobieszewski J.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3-4(18)
135-154
EN
The point of departure of 'horror metaphysicus' is, according to Leszek Kolakowski, a conscious feeling of change, passing, contingency and fragility of the world and the human existence that puts everything in the face of Nothingness. Philosophy of skepticism was a first somehow structured, sophisticated and relatively reassuring expression of this helplessness but it did not cancel out the horror. The obvious human drive to overcome 'horror metaphysicus' has led to the idea of the Absolute as a constant, primordial, uniform measure for all notions important to human beings, such as existence, truth and good. The idea of the Absolute presents itself in two forms: as God and as 'cogito'. Their analysis in Kolakowski's book demonstrated numerous dangers that metaphysical horror will appear once again. The final rescue is 'rewriting' the problem of the 'Self' to social-historical community, and the proper way to understand this community, the way that is at the same time structuring and open, is hermeneutics. The analysis of L. Kolakowski's book leads the author to the conclusion that its title is contradictory with its contents. The subject matter of the book is not horror itself but a flight from horror. It is not about looking 'in the eyes' of the metaphysical fear but about giving and classifying different prescriptions against 'horror metaphysicus'. It is thus a consolatory book. At the same time, to overcome the consolatory scheme - which is what the author proposes in the paper - is to consider the question: Are there good reasons to praise the mortality of the human being, her reference to Nothingness, her positive affirmation of the horror that awaits her?
13

A Kantian in the Today World

80%
Okopien K.
Przegląd Filozoficzno-Literacki
|
2007
|
vol. 6
|
issue 3-4(18)
155-169
EN
The paper - written and published (which is significant) during the martial law - focuses on relations that keep Leszek Kolakowski's thought in the realm of Kantian thinking. The movement in this realm has a form of going away and coming back. Kolakowski goes away from Kant by recognizing that it is culture and not transcendental consiousness that is the realm of positing and criticising the values. At the same time the need to come back to Kant stems from the dilemma of critique of totalitarianism. Such a critique must adopt Marxian idea of the collective human being as necessary to understand the totality of the system, and yet reject it with the system, while coming back to abstract, aprioristic, formal and postulative Kantian humanity.
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