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Aristokracie práce a výzva socialismu. Typografové v Praze v kontextu proměn předlitavské dělnické kultury v letech 1890-1914

100%
Raška J., Miller S.
Český časopis historický (The Czech Historical Review)
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2022
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vol. 120
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issue 2
371-407
EN
This study deals with skilled employees of Prague book printers at the turn of the 20th century. Typographers have traditionally had a reputation as elite and elitist workers. In addition, they were active participants in public patriotic life in Prague in the 1860s-1880s. After 1890, however, their main provincial organisation, the Typographic Club, became involved in building a united workers’ movement under the auspices of socialism. The study examines the activities of several typographers-socialists within the structures of social democracy and the reaction of skilled typographers, i.e., the members of the Typographic Club, to the change of rhetoric and strategies of their organisation. It also focuses on how the Typographic Club mastered some cultural practices of the socialist movement (e.g., May Day celebrations, engagement in a unified socialist educational institution or the change in the relationship with unskilled workers). Using the example of the engagement of the Typographic Club in the Dělnická knihtiskárna a nakladatelství [Workers’ Printing Office and Publishing House], it shows the conflicting areas in which the typographic organisation began to split ideologically at the end of the century.
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Veřejný život, počátky dělnického hnutí a Gutenbergovi mladí ve třech stávkách: Lipsko 1865, Praha 1869, Vídeň 1870

88%
Raška J.
Moderní dějiny: sborník k dějinám 19. a 20. století (Modern History: Studies into 19th and 20th century history)
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2020
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vol. 28
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issue 2
41-84
EN
The paper examines the circumstances of three strikes of typographers (i.e. printers, typesetters and type founders) that took place at the beginning of the organised labour movement. Following strikes were studied: in Leipzig in the spring of 1865, in Prague in the summer of 1869, and in Vienna at the end of the winter of 1870. The first part of the study deals with the specifics of typographers who, as the elite and elitist labour aristocracy, stood in-between the social worlds of the forming group of factory workers and the middle-class intellectuals. The second part observes the strategies and agency of individual participants during these three strikes. The final part of the study is devoted to the specific features of women’s work in the book printing industry and to the sharp responses of striking workers to attempts by certain printwork owners to begin teaching women the art of typesetting.
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