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EN
The article is devoted to the presentation of the Funnel Beaker culture pottery registered on sites excavated on road and motorway routes, carried out by the Institute of Archaeology of the University of Łódź.
Society Register
|
2019
|
vol. 3
|
issue 4
37-56
EN
Abstract This paper examines the influence and power of language in education in Nigeria from the precolonial to colonial and post-colonial times. This is with regards to the effect of language on gender issues within the country. Nigeria, a country on the west coast of Africa is multi-ethnic with over 150 (one hundred and fifty) ethnic groups with their different indigenous languages and cultures. As a colony of the British, the Christian missionaries who first introduced western form of education in Nigeria used the British English language as a medium of communication and subsequently with the establishment of colonial administration in the country, English language was made the official language of the country. This paper contains a critical analysis of the use of English Language in the country and its implications on communication in social and economic interactions of individuals within the various communities across the country.  It argues that the proliferation of the English language was through education of which the male gender benefitted more than their female counterparts due to the patriarchal dominance in the country. The data for the study was collated from random interviews and other written sources. The research discovered that the knowledge and ability to speak fluently and write the English language had a direct influence on the socio-political and economic status of individuals within the country. The women who benefitted from this were comparatively fewer than the men due to some prevailing conditions of what could be called in the present the subjugation of women the society. Critical discourse analysis is adopted for this study. It argues that English language dependency by Nigerians shows that forms of the colonial experience is still evident and these were all initiated during the past interactions with west through the transatlantic slave trade and colonial rule. This is because discourse as a social construct is created and perpetuated by the persons who have the language power and means of communication. The Nigerian family being of a conservative orientation derives its power directly from the father who is the patriarch of the family as obtained in the traditional set up of communities and the Nigerian society in general. This has grave effect on the opposite gender
EN
Starting with the 1970s almost every large town has been opening a museum with a collection of modern art. Problems of collecting, describing and rendering available museum exhibits have turned into essential questions of contemporary museology. During the last several decades art has undergone parallel enormous changes and the place of such traditional forms of artistic expression as a painting or a sculpture has been taken by works whose medium is an installation, often large-scale and composed of a great assortment of material, or an audio-visual recording. Mean-while, methods of describing an artwork and defining the technique of execution and used material remain the same as a hundred years ago. Taking into account works representing an entirely novel technique all traditional descriptions, records of sizes, and applied vocabulary and conceits no longer pass the test. Another problem involves systems of collection digitisation, created without consultation with museum experts on current art. Such systems, diverse and used in numerous museums, are constantly being prepared for recording works executed with traditional means, and even old art. Every author of a system is setting up dictionaries enabling a description of a given artwork, and even such important questions as choosing a dictionary of keywords remain an arbitrary decision of each institution. The harmonization of terminology and jointly conceived divisions concerning the manner of describing, storing and exhibiting works of art as well as their conservation/reconstruction, and the problem of copies and original versions in the case of films signify an enormous domain of tasks that custodians and conservators concerned with contemporary art well be forced to carry out in the nearest future. Otherwise, there will emerge instruments totally incompatible vis a vis existing needs and, sitll worse, not cohesive even within the range of a single language.
PL
Od lat 70. ubiegłego w. prawie w każdym większym mieście powstają muzea, tworzące kolekcje sztuki współczesnej. Problemy kolekcjonowania, opisywania i udostępniania muzealiów stały się istotnymi zagadnieniami współczesnego muzealnictwa. Równocześnie w ciągu ostatnich kilkudziesięciu lat sztuka przeszła ogromne zmiany, w miejsce tradycyjnych form wypowiedzi artystycznej, jak obraz czy rzeźba, powstają dzieła, gdzie medium jest instalacja, często wielkogabarytowa i z bardzo różnorodnych materiałów, czy nagranie audiowizualne. Natomiast metody opisu dzieł, opracowywania dokumentacji, określanie techniki wykonania i użytych materiałów pozostają takie, jak 100 lat temu. Biorąc pod uwagę dzieła o zupełnie nowatorskiej technice wykonania tradycyjne metody opisu, zapis wymiarów, używane słowniki i pojęcia całkowicie się nie sprawdzają. Problemem są również tworzone bez konsultacji z muzealnikami zajmującymi się sztuką aktualną systemy digitalizacji zbiorów. Systemy te, różne i działające w wielu muzeach, są ciągle przygotowane do wpisywania dzieł wykonanych w tradycyjnych mediach, a właściwie nawet dzieł sztuki dawnej. Słowniki pozwalające opisać pracę każdy właściciel systemu tworzy sam i choćby tak istotna kwestia, jak słownik słów kluczowych jest dowolnym wyborem każdej instytucji. Ujednolicenie słownictwa i wspólnie wypracowane decyzje, dotyczące sposobu opisywania, przechowywania, eksponowania i konserwacji / rekonstrukcji dzieł sztuki, zagadnienia kopii i oryginału w przypadku filmów, to ogromne pole do pracy, którą w najbliższym czasie muszą wykonać kustosze i konserwatorzy, zajmujący się sztuką współczesną. W innym wypadku powstaną narzędzia zupełnie nieprzystające do potrzeb, a co gorsza, niespójne nawet w obrębie jednego języka.
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EN
Brief overview connected with hope dedicated among others to Irena Sarnowska-Giefing and her jubilee. Consideration of a meaning of the name Żmiąca coming from M. Łuczewski’s book and its reference in articles by U. Bijak and J. Bubak. 
PL
Brief overview connected with hope dedicated among others to Irena Sarnowska-Giefing and her jubilee. Consideration of a meaning of the name Żmiąca coming from M. Łuczewski’s book and its reference in articles by U. Bijak and J. Bubak.
EN
The theme of the conquest of Dalmatia by the Goths and their leaders: Totila and Ostroyllus is one of the most extensive and most important narratives within the Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea. The article discusses the link between this theme and the Dalmatian tradition. It shows how some fragments of the medieval historiography of the region indicate that the legend of the invasion existed earlier than the Chronicle and could have been linked to the story of the assassination of the Croatian king, which we know i. a. from the Croatian version the Chronicle and from the Hungarian-Polish Chronicle. On this basis, some differences between the Latin and the Croatian versions of the Chronicle of the Priest of Dioclea are highlighted and in this context possible origins of the words about the great evil among Christians and about the Eutychian heresy have been given their possible explanation.
PL
Wątek podboju Dalmacji przez wodzów Gotów: Totilę i Ostroila należy do najobszerniejszych i najważniejszych narracji w Latopisie popa Duklanina. W tym artykule omawiam związek pomiędzy tym motywem a obszerniejszą dalmacką tradycją. Staram się pokazać te fragmenty w średniowiecznej tradycji regionu, które wskazują na wcześniejsze łączenie legendy o podboju Dalmacji z opowieścią o zabójstwie chorwackiego króla znaną m. in. z chorwackiej redakcji Latopisu oraz Kroniki węgiersko-polskiej. Na tej podstawie, próbuję uwypuklić różnice w podaniowej warstwie łacińskiej i chorwackiej redakcji Latopisu, aby na ich tle spróbować wyjaśnić słowa o "wielkim grzechu wśród Chrześcijan" oraz wzmiankę o herezji eutychiańskiej, która pojawiła się tylko w jednej z wersji Latopisu.
EN
In terms of digitization and the growing significance of photography from the perspective of cultural heritage, many efforts have been made in recent years to arrive at uniform standards for the description of documents of this type, which are collected by libraries, archives and museums and made available in digital libraries. Based on their experience working with the Digital Library of the Warsaw University of Technology, the authors of this article discuss issues associated with descriptive and subject cataloguing, resulting from the specificity of iconographic documents (where there is no text data for creating a description as well as the lack of Polish norms and rules). They lay emphasis on the new challenges which the creators of digital libraries are having to contend with when it comes to new technologies and ideas, and transformations in current working practices.
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