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Muzeum Zabawek i Zabawy - Kielce

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EN
The article presents a short history of the Museum of Toys and Play in Kielce since itsestablishment in 1979 until present times. Moreover, attempts have been taken to demonstrate how functioning of this institution changed over the years. It has been shown that - apart from the fundamental activity concerning: the acquisition, description and presentation of the exhibits - the Museum fulfils a number of other functions. Information has been revealed regarding the unique character and originality of the museum collections. The questions of collectorship, co-operation with Polish and foreign museums and scholarly institutions in Poland have been dealt with. A new image of the Museum of Toys and Play, which was created after moving the institution to the new building was noticed, as well as its development and a multi-faceted character. Also, it wasn’t left unnoticed that the museum occupies now an important place on the map of Kielce.
EN
The potential Kielce metropolis, located between well-developed Warsaw and Cracow metropolises, is not highly competitive when compared with domestic ones. Focusing on selected components of the economy, thanks to which a specialization is strived for, determines a bigger chance of arising in the settlement ordination of Poland and allows using a potential as well as simplifies actions in promotion and information ventures. In progressive metropolization it is necessary to increase competitiveness of regions to make them attractive areas not only for local people but especially for foreign and domestic VCs. According to The Conception of Spatial Development of Kielce Functional Area in Metropolis Progress Aspect the formation of Kielce metropolitan functions, especially the replacement of industrial centre as a city function by administrative and service sector centre, is dated to early 90s. These functions are generated by, among other things, dynamically developing trade fair centre, expansion of the higher education and financial institutions sector, administrative institutions, well-developed trade and service chain, presence of business support institutions and units, the presence of international concerns, developing culture, strong media and publishing services sector, well-developed sport base and finally strong relations between the city and nearby communes. Kielce area is non-competitive with other metropolises especially because of adverse demographic trends, insufficiently functioning domestic and European communication, low technological innovativeness, only a few international agencies and lack of specialized congressional service. There are sectors in Kielce Metropolis Area that are especially important for its balanced and dynamic development or are an essential advantage over regional contenders in rivalry for recruitment of foreign VCs. These are: constructional sector, trade fair sector and other services connected with it, stadiums and other sports facilities activity.
DE
Im Artikel „Der außerschulische Religionsunterricht in den Jahren 1961-1973 auf dem Gebiet der Diözese Kielce” wurde versucht, das Thema der Verdrängung des Religionsunterrichts aus den Bildungseinrichtungen in sogenannte Katechetische Punkte auf dem Gebiet der Diözese Kielce zu behandeln. In der Einführung werden die einzelnen Etappen der schrittweisen Laizisierung des Schulwesens vorgestellt, bis hin zur entscheidenden Verabschiedung des „Gesetzes über die Entwicklung des Bildungs- und Erziehungssystems” vom 15. Juli 1961, welches die rechtliche Grundlage für die Vertreibung des Religionsunterrichts aus dem Schulgebäuden lieferte. Der zweite Teil des Artikels konzentriert sich auf die staatlichen Rechtsakte zur Legalisierung des außerschulischen Religionsunterrichts. Geschildert wurde auch die Reaktion der polnischen Bischofskonferenz und der Kurienbehörde der Diözese Kielce auf das Gesetz über den weltlichen Charakter der Schule sowie auf zahlreiche Anordnungen mit rigoristischen Vorschriften, die die Führung katechetischer Zentren und die Arbeit der Katecheten erschweren und einschränken sollten. Verwiesen wird auf die wichtigsten Probleme im Zusammenhang mit der Katechisierung: Fragen der zahlenmäßigen Teilnahme, der Zahl der Beschäftigten, der Berichterstattung, der Registrierung, der Teilnahmefrequenz und der Visitation der katechetischen Punkte. Herangezogen wurden zahlreiche statistische Aufzählungen, die sowohl aus Archivmaterialien als auch aus eigenen Berechnungen stammen. Sie wurden verwendet, um die sich verändernde Situation und die weiteren Spannungen zwischen den kommunistischen Machthabern und der Kirche auf katechetischem Gebiet aufzuzeigen. Der vorläufige Höhepunkt des Konflikts entfiel auf das Jahr 1973. Damals verzichteten die staatlichen Behörden auf die Kontrolle der katechetischen Punkte, aber die neuen gesetzlichen Regelungen über die öffentliche Bildung, einschließlich der Unterrichtsprogramme, waren bar jedweder religiöser Kontexte. Das letzte Kapitel des vorliegenden Artikels ist dem Kampf der Katecheten um die katechetischen Punkte gewidmet. Hier wurden die Haltungen mehrerer Katecheten – sowohl Geistlicher als auch Laien – präsentiert, die trotz Repressionen und auferlegter Strafmaßnahmen nicht aufgehört haben, die Katechisierung fortzusetzen. Erwähnt werden auch typische Arten der Schikanierung von Katecheten sowie der Umfang der angewandten Strafmaßnahmen. Bereichert wird dieses Kapitel durch Informationen über die hygienischen und sanitären Bedingungen in den Punkten des außerschulischen Religionsunterrichts sowie über die Zusammenarbeit der Katecheten mit den Pfarrgemeindemitgliedern auf katechetischem Gebiet.
DE
Nach einer Zeit der Stagnation, ja Regression in der Entwicklung des Dekanatsnetzes auf dem Territorium der Diözese Kielce im 19. Jahrhundert erfolgte in den Jahren 1911-1925 dessen dynamische Entfaltung. Dies geschah in mehreren Etappen. Die erste betraf die Berufung von Vizedechanten im Rahmen ausgedehnter Kreisdekanate im Jahre 1911, darauf folgte 1918 die Umgestaltung der Vizedekanatsbezirke zu selbständigen Dekanaten, und der dritte Schritt bestand in der Reform der Dekanatsgrenzen in den Jahren 1919-1921. Im Ergebnis dieser Umgestaltungen wurde das Dekanatsnetz in der Diözese Kielce weitgehend der neuen sozialen und demographischen Situation angepasst und überdauerte so bis zur Reorganisation der Diözesengrenzen im Jahre 1925.
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PL
Artykuł poświęcony jest Kielcom jako miastu turystycznemu. Badanie empiryczne, którego rezultaty zamieszczone zostały w artykule potwierdziło, iż miasto jest atrakcyjnie turystycznie.
EN
The paper deals with Kielce as the tourism city. The empirical study, the results of which are presented in the article, confirmed that the city is an attractive in terms of tourism.
EN
The aim of this project is to analyze the entrepreneurship development in suburban area ofKielce in the period 1995–2005. Eight communes adjacent to Kielce city (in the project called“the A ring”) and fourteen communes that surround the eight former (“the B ring”) wereanalyzed. The analysis shows that suburban area of Kielce has the multifunctional feature andthe highest growth rate were noted in services (commerce, construction, processing) and inindustry. As for the spatial system the highest growth rate were reached by the communesfrom “A ring”. Average indicator of entrepreneurship was 56.4 in 1995, and 105.0 in 2005. Inthe “B ring” indicator of entrepreneurship was 41.2 in 1995 and 83,9 in 2005.
EN
During the January Uprising in Kielce region fierce fighting took place. Therefore prison in Kielce, a provincial prison in poviat has become one of the most important places of imprisonment in the Polish Kingdom. In this prison were collected political prisoners from across the southern part of the government of Radom. This text is an attempt to present - on the basis of archival documents and the memories of prisoners - the conditions prevailing at that time in Kielce prison and the impact that the plight of the prisoners have people supervising their stay in prison, especially military chief General Onufry Czengery.
PL
W czasie powstania styczniowego na terenie Kielecczyzny toczyły się zacięte walki. W związku z tym więzienie w Kielcach z prowincjonalnego zakładu karnego w mieście powiatowym stało się jednym z ważniejszych miejsc odosobnienia w Królestwie Polskim. Koncentrowano w nim więźniów z całej południowej części guberni radomskiej. Tekst niniejszy jest próbą przedstawienia – w oparciu o dokumenty archiwalne i relacje więźniów – warunków panujących w tym czasie w kieleckim więzieniu i wpływu, jaki na los więźniów miały osoby nadzorujące ich pobyt w więzieniu, zwłaszcza naczelnik wojenny generał Onufry Czengery.
EN
After the end of World War II, in 1950, the Caritas division, established as a Catholic organization, was converted into a lay institution governed by the Caritas Catholic Association, a communist body. The activity of this new formation was focused on helping those in need and on providing aid to the poorest. The division took over Caritas’ entire property. Among the facilities now governed by the institution were kindergartens. In Kielce itself, there were 21 kindergartens managed by the Association. The article presents the resources of particular facilities governed by the Caritas Catholic Association, the principles of their functioning, the methods of work with the wards, and the scale of care provided to pre-schoolers in the then Kieleckie Voivodeship.
PL
Po zakończeniu II wojny światowej w 1950 roku doszło do przekształcenia dotychczasowego katolickiego Caritasu w świeckie, całkowicie podległe władzy komunistycznej Zrzeszenie Katolików Caritas. Zakres działalności nowego tworu miał sprowadzać się do pomagania najbardziej potrzebującym oraz udzielania wsparcia najbiedniejszym. ZKC przejął cały zastany majątek Caritasu. Wśród placówek, które były pod jego zarządem, znalazły się też przedszkola. W Kielcach w omawianym okresie pod zarządem ZKC pozostawało 21 placówek wychowania przedszkolnego. W artykule opisano, jakim zapleczem dysponowały placówki podległe ZKC , zasady ich funkcjonowania, metody pracy z wychowankami, przedstawiono ponadto specyfikę ówczesnego personelu pedagogicznego oraz skalę świadczonej opieki wobec dzieci w wieku przedszkolnym w ówczesnym województwie kieleckim.
PL
W artykule przedstawiono działalność historyczną, edukacyjną i kulturalną Stowarzyszenia im. Jana Karskiego w Kielcach (dawniej Stowarzyszenie „Pamięć – Dialog – Pojednanie”) założonego w marcu 2005 r. Po krótkim zaprezentowaniu dziejów Stowarzyszenia, wydarzeń, które przyczyniły się do jego powstania, oraz sylwetki patrona, scharakteryzowano konkretne działania organizacji, promujące otwarte postawy i tolerancję wobec ludzi o odmiennej kulturze, religii bądź pochodzeniu etnicznym, sprzeciwiające się postawom o zabarwieniu antysemickim, antypolskim, ksenofobicznym oraz dbające o polskie dziedzictwo narodowe.
EN
The text presents the historical, educational and cultural activities of the Jan Karski Association in Kielce (the former “Memory – Dialogue – Reconciliation” Association), which was established in March 2005. After a brief presentation of the history of the Association, the events which contributed to its establishment and the figure of its patron, the text describes the specific activities of the organisation which promote an open mind and tolerance toward people who represent a different culture, religion or ethnic background – activities which counteract attitudes which feature anti-Semitic, anti-Polish and xenophobic tones, and activities which cherish Polish national heritage.
EN
The article discusses the changes which took place in the organisation of deaneries in the Diocese of Kielce in the years 1925-1939. These changes were caused by the necessity of adaptation to the new boundaries of the diocese which were introduced after the concordat of 1925 and the dynamic development of the city of Kielce. With regard to the creation of the deanery of Wiślica, the author presented the decision making process done by the administration of the diocese.
EN
The aim of this article is to present the early days of the formation of the Collegiate Chapter in Kielce. The analysis of the source material indicates that the Chapter of Kielce was founded in the 12th century on the basis of the revenue of the St. Adalbert Church in Kielce. At the beginning all the members of the corporation lead a community life (vita communis), but over time the assets of the Chapter was divided by separating particular prebendaries. This reorganization took place probably at the beginning of the 13th century. Perhaps this event occurred in 1213. In any case it happened before the year 1229. As a result of the reorganization 7 or 8 prebendaries were created. The earliest prebendaries were all prelatures, that is, provostry, custody, decania, scholasteria. Three or four canonic prebendaries were part of the Chapter and it is certain that the canonry, called the Jewish one, created in 1213 was among them. The others are probably the prebendaries of Pierzchnica, Brzechów and Szydłowiec. The late medieval composition of the Chapter comprising 4 prelatures and 6 canons was completed, in time, by the canons called Szewno and Sieradowice. The first one was created in the middle of the 13th century, and the other one between 1327 and 1350. As it has been mentioned above, the creation of the Chapter of Kielce was connected with the acquisition of the property of St. Adalbert Church. The income derived from it was, however, too meager to meet the needs of all the prelates and canons. In the light of the late medieval sources it can be assumed that the revenue of the St. Adalbert Church was used to create only 2 prelatures (custodia and scholasteria) and 2 canons (Pierzchnica and Brzechów). The pay for other prebendaries came from other sources. It is assumed that the main founders-if not the only ones-were the Bishops of Kraków.
EN
The article compares the scope of topographic maps of Polish territory annexed by Russia, prepared at the beginning of the twentieth century: Kielce and its surroundings. The comparison includes military topographic maps prepared by every country taking part in the partition of Poland – Russia (Dwuwiorstówka), Austria (Spezialkarte) and Prussia (Karte des Westlichen Russlands). These maps have very much in common – their scale, date and purpose of their release were similar. The analysis includes the comparison of, for example, lengths or areas of maps’ topographic elements and the visual comparison of maps and their symbology keys.
PL
W artykule porównano treść map topograficznych opracowanych na początku XX w., przedstawiających fragment obszaru pozostającego pod zaborem rosyjskim – Kielce i okolice. Przeanalizowane zostały topograficzne mapy wojskowe państw zaborczych: rosyjska Dwuwiorstówka, austriacka Spezialkarte i niemiecka Karte des Westlichen Russlands. Mapy te cechuje wiele podobieństw: zbliżona skala, podobny okres i cel powstania. Przeprowadzona została analiza elementów topografii: sieci komunikacyjnej, zabudowy, budynków, obiektów przemysłowo-gospodarczych i warstw przyrodniczych pod względem wizualnych różnic, kluczy znaków oraz obiektywnych miar, takich jak długość czy powierzchnia.
EN
The article was based on the archival inventory of the Chapter Library of 1598 and on the surviving manuscripts and historical printed documents of the library of the Kielce Chapter. The paper consists of an analytical part and an annex, which includes the edition of the archival source – the inventory. Thanks to the fact that a large part of the manuscripts and printed documents from a historical book collection survived, appropriate titles can be found in the footnotes of the annex. In addition, surviving documents allowed to perform calculations with regard to publishing centers. Most out of the 28 incunabula came from the land of the German language. Only 4 out of the 35 sixteenth-century printed documents came from domestic production (Cracow). The dominance of German printed documents was still maintained. The analysis of the manuscripts revealed links with the area of Czech and national culture. The invention of printing led to the influx of Western authors. In 1598 the chapter library contained liturgical books: missals, breviaries, agenda, antiphonaries, graduals. The liturgical books came from the tradition of the Diocese of Cracow and show the character of the Divine Office before introducing the books of the reformed Roman liturgy. In addition to liturgical books, the Chapter library contained typical branches of theology of the time: the Bible and biblical commentaries, texts of the Fathers of the Church, law, theology, pastoral manuals and others. Comparison of manuscripts and printed documents indicates that with the invention of printing the texts of the Fathers of the Church are more numerous, which is also a hallmark of the Renaissance and modern theology. The library of the Kielce Chapter presents interests and changes in theology at the turn of the Middle Ages and modern times.
EN
In the article, the information concerning the undertaken actions in favour of the natural environment has been introduced, they refer not only to the changes in the curriculum, but also to the realization of the ecological and sozological presentation in the range of the programme offers dealing with the sources and ecological, cultural and recreation institutions. The best participation of all interested objects, which influence in the straightforward and not straightforward ways on the local communities, is required to introduce such successful politics.
PL
Autorka artykułu przedstawia stan badań nad Pałacem Biskupów Krakowskich w Kielcach. Prezentacja ta stanowi podsumowanie wiadomości dotyczących pałacu zaczerpniętych głównie z inwentarzy i publikacji. W artykule jest mowa o nieścisłościach dotyczących m.in. daty powstania obiektu, głównego architekta, a także tematyki plafonów i zdobień. Podstawową jednak kwestią sporną w historiografii polskiej jest sprawa fundacji pałacu. Analiza stanu badań nad Pałacem Biskupów Krakowskich w Kielcach wykazuje luki, które do dnia dzisiejszego nie zostały dostatecznie zbadane i uzupełnione.
EN
The author of the article describes the state of research on the Palace of the Kraków Bishops in Kielce. This presentation is a summary of information about the palace obtained primarily from inventories and publications. The article discusses inaccuracies concerning, among others, the date of the creation of the building, its main architect, as well as the subject of plafonds and other decorations. However, the most contentious issue in Polish historiography is the question of the palace’s foundation. The analysis of the state of research on the Palace of the Kraków Bishops in Kielce shows gaps which to this day have not been sufficiently researched and filled.
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