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EN
This paper investigates how organizational trust contributes to knowledge transfer processes and knowledge creation both directly and indirectly. The mediation analyses were used. The findings using cross-sectional data from Polish companies suggest a new way of thinking in respect of how crucial is trust to creation of knowledge unconnected to organizational memory.
EN
By the 12th century, northern territories were fairly well known in practice, but there was an urgent need to explain the state of this region in written form. In most national narratives, there is an evident tendency to emphasise the similarity of local history with a more significant and more authoritative (Roman or sacred) history (Mortensen 2005). This paper deals with a very specific geographical image-“Europe, or Eneá”-that appears on two “textual maps” by an Icelandic historian of the 13th century, Snorri Sturluson, in his Edda, an Icelandic ars poetica (c. 1220), and in his large compendium of the kings' sagas entitled Heimskringla (c. 1230). The author demonstrates that the toponym Eneá, going back to the ancient hero Aeneas, was formed by Snorri himself as a result of his immersion in the local Icelandic culture and literature, where the Troy story had, by that time, occupied a significant place.
PL
W artykule podjęto problematykę pośrednictwa w procesie transferu wiedzy. Nawiązując do modeli omawianych niegdyś w literaturze na temat zarządzania technologią, jak również obecnych aktualizacji na tym polu, autor rozważa możliwości i konsekwencje ich implementacji dla geograficznych skupisk przedsiębiorstw. Celem jest stworzenie podwalin pod budowę modeli działalności regionalnych instytucji pośredniczących w procesie transferu wiedzy.
EN
The paper discusses problems concerned with the participation of intermediary structures in knowledge transfer processes. Taking into account models presented earlier in literature in the field of technology management completed with latest propositions, the author considers both the possibilities and the consequences of the implementation of similar structures in geographical clusters of enterprises. The paper aims at laying foundations for the development of the models that can include the most important aspects connected with activities undertaken by regional institutions which play intermediary roles when knowledge is transferring.
PL
Celem artykułu jest przegląd najważniejszych klasyfikacji barier w zarządzaniu wiedzą wykorzystywanych w badaniach empirycznych oraz propozycja nowej klasyfikacji, która uzupełni te już funkcjonujące w literaturze, zgodnie z analizą przykładów wskazanych przez menedżerów średniego szczebla w organizacjach.
EN
The aim of this article is to review the most popular classification of the major barriers to knowledge management. The author proposes a new typology, according to the analysis of the examples mentioned by middle managers in organizations.
PL
Zasadniczym celem artykułu jest analiza wpływu warunków wewnętrznych i zewnętrznych na kształtowanie procesu komercjalizacji wyników badań naukowych przez sektor małych i średnich przedsiębiorstw, a także ocena narzędzi stymulowania aktywności badawczo-rozwojowej sektora MSP. W artykule przyjęto następującą hipotezę badawczą: skuteczny proces komercjalizacji wiedzy determinowany jest poziomem finansowego wsparcia systemu badań naukowych i innowacyjności oraz współpracą przedsiębiorstw ze sferą nauki. Treść opracowania podzielono na trzy części. W pierwszej opisano rolę systemu wsparcia sfery B+R realizowanego przez państwo oraz Unię Europejską. W drugiej części dokonano oceny zjawiska transferu wiedzy z uczelni i instytutów badawczych do praktyki gospodarczej, zaś w trzeciej przeanalizowano relację między finansowaniem inwestycji, a komercjalizacją jej efektów w przedsiębiorstwie.(abstrakt oryginalny)
EN
The article theme is the influence of internal and external determinants on the commercialization research in small and medium sized business. The paper presents an analysis of tools stimulating research and development activity of the SME sector and the role of the R&D support system carried out by the State and the European Union. The article describes how knowledge is transferred from universities to business practice, and it shows main assumptions of technology commercialization and methods of funding innovative projects.(original abstract)
EN
The authors analyse business models existing in leading technology transfer academic centres throughout the world, in order to find out to what extent they are implemented by entities in Poland. Their attention is focused on such components of business models as: legal form and methods of financing, the mission of operations, the work integration and the mechanisms of collaboration with the science and commercial sector. The study is qualitative, based on the analysis of the case studies of foreign entities. The diversity of global solutions enables a critical look at the activities of Polish technology transfer centres and points to the choice of models which are best suited to their domestic conditions. According to the authors, the improved effectiveness of technology transfer centres is an important part of the debate on the transformation of traditional universities into entrepreneurial universities.(original abstract)
EN
The knowledge-based economy analysis economic organization and development when the creation, distribution and use of knowledge become decisive factors. To become a successful knowledge economies, countries must act simultaneously on their education base, their innovation systems and their information and communication technology infrastructure. This paper focuses on international scientific networks as an example of tool created in order to stimulate the use of new knowledge. The main objective of the paper is to identify the knowledge creation and transfer processes in ISC. The methodology utilized in this study is qualitative and exploratory. Results of research shows the process of knowledge creation and transfer on example of NetAware Intensive Programme and the project evaluation results
PL
Doradztwo biznesowe dla małych firm postrzegane jest jako jedno ze źródeł wiedzy wspierającej proces budowy pozycji konkurencyjnej na rynku. Jednocześnie literatura, koncentrując się na zakresie wykorzystania doradztwa oraz ocenie jego efektów, w ograniczonym stopniu ukazuje mechanizmy powiązane z realizacją samego doradztwa oraz strukturą jego procesu. W artykule podjęto próbę analizy współpracy pomiędzy doradcą a zarządzającym małą firmą w ramach procesu doradztwa. W efekcie zaproponowana została klasyfikacja relacji współpracy uwzględniająca moment, w którym w ramach procesu doradczego współpraca zachodzi. Na bazie analizy empirycznej wskazano na powiązania tejże klasyfikacji z czynnikami odnoszącymi się do typu doradztwa i doradcy, a także do rodzaju zaufania wykorzystywanego w początkowym etapie doradztwa.
EN
Business advice for small firms is one of the sources of knowledge, however, the literature focuses on the scope of business advice use and assessment of its effects. The mechanisms related to the implementation of business advice and the structure of this advisory process for small firms are rather neglected. The paper attempts to analyse the cooperation between the adviser and the person managing a small business in the framework of the process of providing business advice. As a result, a classification of cooperation relationships was proposed. The empirical analysis pointed to the relationship between the classification and the factors related to the type of advice and adviser, as well as to the type of trust used in the initial stage of the advisory process.
EN
Nowadays the role of knowledge as an immaterial factor of gaining competitive advantage is more often stressed in the literature, however, rarely in terms of tourism, being one of the most important sectors of economy. The reason are, i.a., unfavorable determinants of knowledge management in the tourist sector (e.g. seasonality of economic activity) or limited interest in 'low-tech' sectors in the research on knowledge. In the article there were presented ways of understanding knowledge, its types and determinants - mainly barriers - of its transfer and absorption in the tourist sector and the ways of overcoming those barriers. The literature survey allowed to show how determinants of knowledge transfer and absorption affect relations between entities in tourist regions, therefore influencing also tourist regions competitiveness.
EN
Clusters are a powerful tool to promote regional economic development and stimulate competitiveness and innovation. This is undoubtedly the area constituting a large reserve for economic growth in Poland. The study focuses on the interaction between clusters and the public administration. It presents the way clusters are being preceived by the regional public administration, particularly in terms of the conditions determining the way clusters operate, as well as their knowledge about initiatives existing in particular regions. Data were obtained based on the nationwide survey, using Computer-Assisted Web Interview and Computer Assisted Telephone Interview. The study sample were all regional government administration offices and regional self-governments in Poland.
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