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Konserwować czy restaurować?

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Kubiak J.

Ochrona Zabytków

1983

issue 1-2

17-19

Selected works by Professor Jan Zachwatowicz published just recently dispose one to reflections on an ever actual problem: to preserve or to restore? This subject was disccused in Poland in the first years a fter the 2nd World War. As their main argument the advocates of the restoration, and even of reconstruction, put forward a tragic condition of the Polish culture, destroyed deliberately by the Nazists. Followers of the preservation agreed with the principle of the above argument; still, they had doubts with regard to both the ex tent of the works and at the same time they warned, for future purposes, against the situation when the total society would come to the false convinction that the proper and just conservation of monuments meant their reconstruction. This provided the base for disputes whether protection is to cover only a form or, speaking in other words, ’’appearance” of a historic building or to include also its authentic mater Lad structure. The method of restoration and reconstruction has been recognized as proper in a specific situation of the ruined country as ”a method of procedure in specific dramatic circumstances”, refraining from any conservation doctrine. Defenders of this approach realized clearly that such measures had an emergency nature and were fu lly aware of ’’the tragedy of committed conservation deceit”. For many years this exceptional situation has been observed to drag on into infinity, suspending precise recommendations of the doctrine. This ground is conducive to mass neurosis involving not only the population but also the authorities and even conservators and architects themselves — where ’’the creation of monuments reproduction” is identified with typical duties of conservation services, though there is less and less association with a genuine object.” We have more and more monuments and an ever smaller number of original products.” This comment made by Professor Ksawery Piwocki in 1946 has not unfortunately become outdated. It is the highest time to call off ’’special circumstances” and to come back to ’’the conservation doctrine”.

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Czerner O.

Ochrona Zabytków

1974

issue 3

180-183

The recent dozen or so years have seen in Polish community the loss of feeling of the value of authenticity in historical monuments. More and more supported and promoted is being the creation of illusions and at the same time apologized the indifference toward the need to preserve the authentic objects or even non-interventionism. To meet the natural needs of people to keep in touch with witnesses of the past is proposed the contact with the objects rebuilt. To determine the interrelation between the architectural object and the authenticity the author has subsequently carried out a partial analysis of material, the authenticity of technological and construction methods used in the process of creation, the authenticity of function as well as that of form, the authenticity of effect and associations. While concluding his considerations the author stated that the authenticity by itself represents some value determined by existence of an abject to whom it is ascribed and thus may be regarded as a positive value giving to the object some definite dignity. On the other hand, the authenticity ceases to exist at the moment at Which the existence of the object itself ceased. The authenticity is to be considered, therefore, as an summarized value consisting of the aforementioned partial authenticities. At the same time, however, it is the object’s supreme value having its effect on iboth existence and the amount of its other values. From the essence of an architectural object regarded as some kind of work of art it follows that it is not free from some ineficiencies in its definition which require that a range of definitions be added by an individual looking at it. However, the appropriate concretization of that additional definition may take place on an authentic object only and not on that falsified.

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2 Ochrona Zabytków

1 Czerner O.

1 Kubiak J.

1 1983

1 1974

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