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Walka o tożsamość narodową Polaków w Księstwie Cieszyńskim od połowy XIX wieku do 1918 roku

100%
Miszewski D.
Przegląd Narodowościowy – Review of Nationalities
|
2013
|
issue 2
141-178
EN
An important element in Polish history was the struggle for the national identity of Poles in the Duchy of Cieszyn since the second half of the nineteenth century to the end of the First World War. Conducted a large-scale policy designed to promote other non-Polish nationality. The Poles did not surrender and actively sought to maintain their national identity in the area.
2
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Polsko-czesko-niemiecki konflikt o Śląsk Cieszyński w latach 1918-1920

84%
Hojka Z.
Komunikaty Mazursko-Warmińskie
|
2023
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vol. 321
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issue 2
255-279
EN
After World War I, plebiscites were supposed to be one of the factors determining the shape of the borders of the Second Polish Republic, e.g., borders between Poland and Czechoslovakia with respect to Cieszyn Silesia. During this period, there was a Polish–Czech–German conflict over the affiliation of this region. Despite the agreement of November 5, 1918, on the ethnic division of Cieszyn Silesia, which was favourable for Poland, an armed intervention took place, and most of the area was occupied by the Czechs. Therefore, the Paris Peace Conference decided to take the area under international supervision and then carry out a plebiscite. During the plebiscite, Polish authorities realised that Czechoslovakia could win the vote. It was decided to postpone the plebiscite and suggest arbitration. Finally, during the Polish-Bolshevik war, the unfavourable for Poland division of Cieszyn Silesia was decided upon at the Spa conference of August 28, 1920.
PL
Po I wojnie światowej jednym z czynników decydujących o kształcie granic II Rzeczypospolitej miały być plebiscyty, m.in. między Polską i Czechosłowacją o Śląsk Cieszyński. W tym okresie miał miejsce konflikt polsko-czesko-niemiecki o przynależność państwową tego regionu. Pomimo korzystnej dla Polski umowy z 5 listopada 1918 roku o podziale na zasadach etnicznych Śląska Cieszyńskiego, doszło do interwencji zbrojnej i zajęcia większości terenu przez Czechów. W tej sytuacji na konferencji paryskiej postanowiono poddać go nadzorowi międzynarodowemu a następnie zarządzono przeprowadzenie plebiscytu. Rozpoczęła się akcja plebiscytowa, w trakcie, której władze polskie uzmysłowiły sobie, że głosowanie może wygrać Czechosłowacja. W tej sytuacji zdecydowano się na odwlekanie plebiscytu go a następnie zaproponowano arbitraż. Ostatecznie w czasie wojny polsko-bolszewickiej na konferencji w Spa 28 sierpnia 1920 r. doszło do niekorzystnego dla Polski podziału Śląska Cieszyńskiego.
3
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Pochodzenie pacjentów przyjętych do szpitala bonifratrów w Cieszynie w jubileuszowym roku 1900

67%
Kuśka M.
Hereditas Monasteriorium
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2013
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vol. 2
109-139
EN
On December, 1898, two years before the 200th anniversary of its opening, the hospital led by the Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God in Cieszyn reached the top of its development. The post, at the beginning being able to hold only a few, and then a dozen of patients, after the extension at the end of the 19th century was able to admit 60 patients at the same time. The extension of the hospital coincided with the intensive industrialisation of Cieszyn Silesia. The local urban area became the biggest centre of this type in Austria-Hungary. It is not surprising then that people from almost the whole monarchy, trying to find better living conditions, were migrating for work in the Duchy of Cieszyn. Thanks to the preserved patients’ records from that time it is possible to determine exactly the origins of the patients from the hospital of the Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God in Cieszyn. It can be stated that the patients staying in this local hospital, represented a variety of nations living in this area at that time. Apart from the natives, a medical record from 1900 mentions a significant number of the inhabitants of Moravia, Czech Republic, Galicia as well as other parts of Austrian Silesia. A smaller number of representatives comes from counties in Upper Hungary and Croatia, Austrian Tyrol, Upper and Lower Austria and, finally, foreign countries – Prussia and Russia. The article constitutes a small contribution to the study of the complex history of the Brothers Hospitallers of St. John of God in Cieszyn. It is also a useful material for the researchers who are interested in ethnic relations in Cieszyn Silesia.
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