Full-text resources of CEJSH and other databases are now available in the new Library of Science.
Visit https://bibliotekanauki.pl

Results found: 36

first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last

Search results

Search:
in the keywords:  LA TÈNE PERIOD
help Sort By:

help Limit search:
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
1
Content available remote

NÁLEZ LATÉNSKÉHO VODÍCÍHO KROUŽKU Z MARKVARTIC V KONTEXTU OBDOBNÝCH NÁLEZŮ Z ČECH A MORAVY

100%
Mangel T., Jošková T., Krásný F.
Študijné zvesti
|
2019
|
issue 66
33 – 48
EN
The article brings a comprehensive evaluation of the current state of research of the La Tène period rein guide rings from the Czech Republic. The evaluation was motivated by the rein guide ring that was recently discovered within the La Tène quadrangular enclosure in Markvartice, dis. Jičín (Czech Republic). The discussion is focused on the issues connected with the context of the finds of the rein guide rings, their chronology, spatial distribution, and importance of these artefacts for the understanding of the La Tène society.
2
Content available remote

SPIŠ - SKLENÉ NÁLEZY Z DOBY LATÉNSKEJ

100%
Březinová G., Soják M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2009
|
issue 45
105 - 108
EN
Spiš is the region in northern Slovakia with evidence of an intensive settlement in the Middle, Late and Final La Tène periods by bearers of the Púchov culture (including the pre-Púchov horizon). Systematic field-walking collections include also fragments of glass bracelets and beads. The obtained set consists of 12 fragments of bracelets and 41 glass beads from six sites. The biggest concentration of these finds is at two known fortified settlement in Jánovce-Machalovce (distr. of Poprad), position Pod Hradiskom, and in Žehra (distr. of Spišská Nová Ves), position Severný svah (Spišský hrad). The bracelets are of cobalt-blue colour. According to N. Venclová (1990) they belong to the types 6b/2 (5 pieces), 7b (3 pieces), 7c (1 piece), 11 (1 piece) and 15 (2 pieces). All these are bracelets that are dated to the Middle La Tène period LT C1-C2 (cca. a half of the 3rd up to a half of the 2nd cent. BC). The beads scale is more colourful. The set includes small circular beads of cobalt-blue colour, that are prevailing, beads with blue-white layered dots on white, in one case on yellow ground and a fragment of a solid translucent bead of brown-rose colour. The surface is decorated with yellow engraved lines. The masklike bead belongs to the group of beads with human faces.
3
Content available remote

MOBILITA VYBRANÝCH JEDNOTLIVCOV POCHOVANÝCH NA KELTSKOM POHREBISKU V DUBNÍKU, OKR. NOVÉ ZÁMKY, JUHOZÁPADNÉ SLOVENSKO – PILOTNÁ ŠTÚDIA

100%
Bujna J., Drtikolová Kaupová S., Hajnalová M., Kráľ J.
Študijné zvesti
|
2020
|
vol. 67
|
issue 2
227 - 244
EN
A pilot study for a project focused on the mobility of human individuals in a close combination of archaeology, anthropology and isotope geochemistry using strontium (87Sr/86Sr) isotope analyses. The test assemblage consists of 8 samples of human teeth and 3 samples of animal teeth from 7 inhumation graves with 8 buried human individuals, from the Celtic cemetery in Dubník, Nové Zámky district, dated to the 4th–3rd century BC (LTB1–B2). In the evaluated pilot sample, the values of three individuals – a female and a child from grave 20 and probably a young man from grave 32 – correspond to the local isotope signal of biologically available strontium. These graves do not manifest non-local characteristics in the grave-goods or the burial rite. For other three individuals buried in graves 17, 19 and 29, the measured values are close to the values given for ‘local’ individuals from burial grounds in the Middle Danube Basin. Of the eight individuals evaluated, samples of two – a male buried in grave 18 and a female buried in grave 21 – show a significant deviation from the local isotope signal. The hypothesis of their non-local origin can also be substantiated by the archaeological context – in the first case the re-opening of the grave and the intentional, apparently ritual, destruction of the grave-goods, in the second case the foreign costume of the deceased and a set of pottery vessels of foreign origin.
4

PRÍSPEVOK K SPÔSOBU POCHOVÁVANIA NA POHREBISKU Z PRELOMU DOBY HALŠTATSKEJ A LATÉNSKEJ V BUČANOCH

100%
Styk M.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2017
|
vol. 21
|
issue suppl.
209 - 222
EN
The presented paper deals with the analysis of the burial rite at the burial ground near Bučany. It was used from the late Hallstatt till the Early La Tène period. The main aim is to highlight certain aspects of the burial rite, which appears in inhumation as well as in cremation graves and confront the findings with a similar situation in the Middle Danube area. For these purposes the analysis works with elements such as treatment remains, placing and functional combinations of grave goods, dimensions and space modification of graves. When evaluating the main findings, the significant appearance of women graves in particular, as opposed to the warriors’ graves should be mentioned. Just in this group we can observe the greatest variability of the funeral ritual. By comparison of burial rite between cremation and inhumation graves some parallels appear in the way how mourners deposited interments in relation to cadavers and form of grave arrangement.
5

FORTIFICATIONS FROM THE LATE IRON AGE IN THE REGIONS OF POHRONIE AND POIPLIE

100%
Kovár B.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
57 – 68
EN
Fortified sites from the La Tène Period belong to the main research topics of Karol Pieta. He has contributed to their field excavations in the mountainous environment of Slovakia to a great extent. He also very intensely deals with their classification and dating. In the text, I try to apply his knowledge on the research of the fortified sites in the regions of the Hron and Ipeľ river basins and also confront them with the latest research. K. Pieta has distinguished several types of fortifications: hillfort, castella, small hillfort, refuge place, etc. Unlike other authors, he did not consider only the size of the fortified area, but also its use. Individual fortifications and enclosed areas might have had a practical function, social or symbolic meaning. K. Pieta promotes mainly the defensive and protective function of the fortified sites in the territory of Slovakia. There had to be real reasons and favourable conditions for existence of fortifications, as they were often large structures challenging as for work power and its organization, project with some experience as well as available sources of building material and strategical thinking of the authors. Nevertheless, he does not exclude possible central, commercial or sacral function of the fortified settlements. I have selected the regions of Pohronie and Poiplie in the analysis for three reasons – they are more or less complexly processed and their character allows application of results also for other parts of the north of the Carpathian Basin, maybe with the exception of the area of the Bratislava oppidum. The third characteristics of the chosen region which was the reason for selecting it as a ‘model’ is that it is partly a peripheral area of the La Tène settlement in the north of the Carpathian Basin, where two cultural areas meet – the La Tène and Púchov cultures. According to the current state of research, there are 26 fortified sites of different sizes and forms in the area.
6

EIN SPÄTLATÈNEZEITLICHER BEFUND IM PALAIS RASUMOFSKY, WIEN III, LANDSTRAßE (GRABUNG 2011)

100%
Ramsl  P. C., Čambal R.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
137 – 148
EN
The present article is a processing of the finds of a La Tène period feature from Vienna III-Landstraße (Palais Rasumofsky). On the 8th August 2011, excavation work began in the inner courtyard of the Palais Rasumofsky (Vienna III, Landstraße) due to the planned construction of an underground car park. During the work on the following days, extensive remains of a cellar in the north-eastern part of the area came to light. In addition, a fragment of pottery from the La Tène period was recovered from the excavated material. The subsequently excavated object was a so-called ‘sunken hut’ disturbed by walls on the northwest and southwest sides. It was preserved in a dimension of 2.5 by 2.3 m and contained six post pits. The maximum depth of the pit was 0.8 m. The findings contain mainly of pottery, composed of broken pieces of vessels decorated with comb lines, undecorated pieces and a few painted pieces, mainly in the form of pots, bowls and individual pieces such as a lid and a tripod vessel. The finding of two spindle whorls made of pottery is worth mentioning. In addition to pottery, the find material from the pit house included animal bones and a small number of iron and non-ferrous metal objects. Among the pottery, pots with thickened club rims and those with bottom marks stand out. The material dates to the Late La Tène period (LTD2) and can be compared well with that from Bratislava-Castle.
7
Content available remote

EIN MITTELLATÈNEZEITLICHER BRANDOPFERPLATZ IN SLATINA NAD BEBRAVOU (SLOWAKEI)

88%
Pieta K.
Študijné zvesti
|
2018
|
issue 64
89 - 113
EN
In Slatina nad Bebravou nearby a hillfort on the top of Udrina hill (652 m a. s. l.) two deposits of burnt pottery, bones, glass, and metal objects were found coincidentally, laid close to the pits. The metal inventory – brooches, belt fragments, and a spur – belongs to the Middle La Tène Period (LTC1b). The find assemblage embraced also the fragments of two Hellenistic bronze reliefs, designated as the parts of armour (R. Thomas). The paper compares the location and inventory of the feature with other sacrificial fire places in the Western Carpathians that probably originated as a result of the southern colonization wave.
8

EARLY BLUE GLASS BRACELETS IN THE MIDDLE DANUBE REGION

88%
Březinová G., Venclová N., Frána J., Fikrle M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2013
|
vol. 61
|
issue 1
107 – 142
EN
Numerous finds of La Tène glass bracelets have come to light recently in south-west Slovakia. Attention has been focused on the dark blue bracelets of Haevernick Groups 3 and 2. Up to now, these bracelets were considered to belong to the very late types, including the blue specimens, with their occurrence limited to LTD. However, it seems that in the case of the blue bracelets, new groups may be defined, based on the decoration of figure-of-eight coils (Group 3b/1, 2b/1) or wavy lines (Group 3b/2, 2b/2), with a distribution in the Middle Danube region, namely in south-west Slovakia, Lower Austria and Moravia. According to find contexts as well as visual characteristics of glass and its decoration, the decorated sub-groups were manufactured in this part of Europe as early as in LTC1, or LTC1b at the latest, the undecorated sub-group 3a in LTC2. In LTD1 the production of bracelets of Groups 3 and 2, undecorated or with a wavy line, continued, but probably in other, most likely western European workshops. Chemical analysis (INAA) of ten samples from Slovakia has placed the analysed bracelets into two groups which had been previously identified in the collection of LTC1 – LTC2 glasses from Němčice in Moravia. It is significant that the blue bracelets, undecorated or with a wavy line, cannot be considered diagnostic artefacts of the LTD phase.It is not possible, at least in the Middle Danube region, to date find contexts in LTD based on their occurrence, as has been commonly the case. The identification of earlier and later specimens within Groups 3 and 2 perhaps will be possible in the future as the result of the application of more precise methods of chemical analysis.
9
Content available remote

POSSIBILITIES OF SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF GRAVE POTTERY ON THE EXAMPLE OF LA TÈNE CEMETERY IN MALÉ KOSIHY

88%
Styk M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2019
|
issue 66
49 – 76
EN
The paper deals with the study of ceramic inventory in La Tène graves. It brings insight into the function of these grave goods not only through the assessment of the spatial relationship of pottery and human remains but also the combination of individual vessel types. Usage of microtopography method combines the spatial and qualitative attributes of individual vessels. On the example of the cemetery in Malé Kosihy, we present the advantages and pitfalls of this method as well as possible interpretative levels. At the end of the paper, the presented procedure is confronted with other approaches to the interpretation of the function of vessels in the grave inventory.
10

LA TENE GRAVE AND OTHER EVIDENCE OF LTB – D1 SETTLEMENT IN MIKULOVICE, PARDUBICE DISTRICT

88%
Jošková T., Vokolek V., Sankot P.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
45 – 55
EN
The paper presents a comprehensive evaluation of the still largely unattended activities from the La Tène period at the major polycultural site in Mikulovice, Pardubice distr., Czech Republic. The site is known mainly for rich findings of grave gifts from the Early Bronze Age and also for its extensive settlement activities in HA2 – LTA. Thanks to the rescue excavations prior to the construction of residential houses in recent decades, the situation and artefacts of the course of LTB – D1 have been captured. The main axis of the paper is the analysis and evaluation of the finding of the solitary La Tène inhumation grave. On this basis, it addresses the issues of possible links and contacts between the eastern Bohemian region and the Moravian area. The topic of settlement activities in Mikulovice during the younger period of the Iron Age is further addressed by analysing the pottery and evaluating several captured residential situations.
11

SPECIAL FEATURES FROM CSEPEL ISLAND. RELIQUIAE OF THE CELTIC RED DEER CULT AT THE VICINITY OF BUDAPEST

88%
Horváth M. A., Hanny E.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
157 – 178
EN
During the excavations prior to the building of the M0 motorway in Hungary between 1988 and 1989 remains of various cultures who were unearthed on the almost 2,500 m2 site of Szigetszentmiklós-Üdülősor, among others a late Celtic rural settlement. Further excavations in 2008 and 2010 revealed additional parts of the settlement. From one of the features came an enormous deer antler with some ceramic fragments. This feature was largely similar to the one excavated in 1989, also containing an antler. Both were found on the area of the waterside settlement. For sure these findings can be connected to the Celtic cultural cycle, in which the red deer and the roe were regarded as sacred. Although the original Celtic names are unknown and they are not recorded until the late Celtic era, based on the Graeco-Roman inscriptions one can safely assume these findings were offerings to the Celtic deer god.
12

MIDDLE LA TENE BRONZE FIBULAE DECORATED IN PSEUDO-FILIGREE AND PSEUDO-GRANULATION TECHNIQUES OF THE SCORDISCAN VARIANT. A RECOGNIZABLE FEATURE OF THE LOCAL MIDDLE LA TENE FEMALE COSTUME

88%
Dizdar M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
95 – 106
EN
Certain forms of bronze fibulae, alongside some forms of bronze belts, are recognizable items of the Middle La Tène Scordiscan female costume. One of those forms is the so-called Scordiscan variant of bronze fibulae with round plates decorated in pseudo-filigree and pseudo-granulation techniques. Fibulae belonging to this heterogeneous group, with specific variants singled out, are characteristic of communities along the Danube River which shared similar ideas of decoration of the female body during the Middle La Tène. The presence of numerous variants of fibulae clearly points to the existence of local workshops, regardless of noticeably the same basic decorative design concept in their production. Fibulae assigned to the Scordiscan variant have a characteristic trefoil motif with a knob on the top of the round plate and are, for now, known only from Scordiscan sites, due to which they can probably be considered products of their workshops. Finds of fibulae assigned to some other variants were also discovered at Scordiscan sites, indicating the existence of cultural contacts with neighbouring communities. In any case, bronze fibulae decorated in pseudo-filigree and pseudo-granulation techniques provide valuable findings of decorating Scordiscan women’s bodies, as well as their public presentation, i.e., the fibulae probably represent a recognizable manifestation of their visual identity.
13

GREETINGS FROM NOVE ZÁMKY – 40 YEARS OF TEXTILE RESEARCH IN SLOVAKIA

88%
Štolcová T., Zajonc J., Grȍmer K.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
69 – 79
EN
This article briefly presents the history of textile archaeology in Slovakia, the foundations of which were laid out by Karol Pieta. With his scientific curiosity and hunger for the new adventures, Karol Pieta has been crossing the boundaries of his discipline his whole life. The conditions for the preservation of organic materials are generally very unfavourable, which is why they were often overlooked by archaeologists. Interest for textiles first started with remains hidden in tubular anklets dated to the La Tène Period, initially noticed and studied by Karol Pieta. The most unique ones come from Nové Zámky and shed light on an embroidery technique of the Late Iron Age. The majority of prehistoric textiles in Slovakia are dated to the La Tène Period and it is comparable with finds from the Czech Republic and Austria. A find from an unknown location analysed in 2021, can with certainty be assigned to the corpus of La Tène Period textiles. It can be assumed that linen tabbies made of simple z-spun threads were preferred in this period. Textiles were found in different circumstances, usually mineralised on metal artefacts in graves. The primary use of these textiles was for clothing and ritual wrappings. A secondary use is evidenced by textile fillings of bronze hollow anklets. A Celtic female dress was reconstructed based on the position of artefacts found in the graves, as well on the observations of La Tène Period textiles, in particular the Nové Zámky embroidery. It is interesting to see, that textiles were apparently used as a code to reflect social and aesthetic values. In society they played an important role in the definition and expression of social space and of group relations.
14

NEW TYPE OF A LA TENE REIN GUIDE RING FROM VENDOLÍ (SVITAVY DISTRICT) AND ITS IMPORTANCE IN A REGIONAL AND SUPRA-REGIONAL CONTEXT

88%
Mangel T., Vích D.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
129 – 136
EN
The article presents the finding of a La Tène rein guide ring from Vendolí, Svitavy district. Morphological-typological analysis has shown that it was a so far unknown type dating to LTD1. From a regional point of view, the finding complements the mosaic consisting of other, so far scarce La Tène artefacts discovered in the Svitavy region and along with them, it testifies to the existence of a communication corridor connecting permanently settled areas in eastern Bohemia and Moravia. In a supra-regional context, it represents a new hybrid form, combining features of certain western and eastern types of rein guide rings which constituted a functional and at the same time representative part of horse harness. Along with some similarly shaped findings, it represents a specific central European variant of these remarkable artefacts associated with the world of late La Tène social elites.
15

REMARKABLE CONTINUUM: PROVODOV – ‘RYSOV’ HILLFORT BETWEEN 650 – 370 BC

88%
Čižmář I., Golec Mírová Z., Golec M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
29 – 38
EN
The transition between the late Hallstatt period and the early La Tène period represents a notable phase of the Moravian prehistory. It is associated with the concept of the so-called ‘first Celtic expansion’ as promoted by Miloš Čižmář. The current sources on the 5th c. BC confirm the discontinuity of development in HD3 and LTA; and the expansion concept was recently confirmed by Petra Goláňová. Adding to the topic, Martin Golec and Zuzana Mírová have brought up the yet ignored aspect of central site with the continuity of elites during HD1 – D3 at Habrůvka – ‘Býčí skála’. The social system during the late Hallstatt period in Moravia can be defined as largely centralised, which conforms to P. Goláňová’s theory on LTA. The Provodov – ‘Rysov’ hillfort provides ample evidence in the form of findings dating to HD1 – LTA and is discussed within the framework of this topic.
16

KOMÁRNO IN THE LA TENE PERIOD

88%
Březinová G., Gere M. S. L. T. P. S. P. C.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
149 - 165
EN
In this exceptional strategical location on the confluence of the Danube and Váh river we have evidence of settlement in the end of the Middle and Late La Tène period. Although no area excavation has been carried out yet, important finds and features supported by rescue excavations allow us to classify this locality as an important site. Features and findings have been confirmed at eight locations. As for settlement features, they are pits of various functions and production features including the remarkable site of Nádvorie Európy square with a series of six pottery kilns. They produced high-quality goods made on potter’s wheel which also contained painted pottery. We suppose that Komárno in the La Tène period was one of eminent locations with concentration of production and trade. Thus, contacts were directed to the north, along the so-called Váh route, as well as southwards and southwestwards.
17

FELL INTO AN ETERNAL SLEEP. FINDING THE HUMAN SKELETON IN THE LA TENE DWELLING FROM BRATISLAVA-DEVÍN, ZÁHRADY SITE

88%
Styk M., Repka D.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
107 – 116
EN
The finds of human remain in settlement features from the La Tène period are rare, especially cases when we can interpret these finds as proof of ritual activities. One of them represents archaeological research of the La Tène settlement with 38 archaeological features situated in the Záhrady site, located southeast of the urban area of Bratislava in the city part Devín. The article is evaluated the burial context in feature no. 74, which represents a common La Tène dwelling, where skeletal remains of a man were found. It aims to reconstruct several aspects connected to properties, existence, destruction, and secondary usage through the method of inverse transformation. Based on interim results, are created hypotheses focusing on the interpretation of such behaviour. Can we join these activities with intramural burial or its only proof of disposal of the dead? Interpretation goes further when taking in count presents of the charcoal layer, which may indicate more deep activities connected with cremation rituals. Those questions are discussed in the context of central European archaeology and the need for rethinking some old conclusions is emerged.
18

NEW SETTLEMENT FROM THE LA TENE PERIOD IN SEREĎ

88%
Daňová K., Kissová M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2021
|
vol. 69
|
issue suppl 2
81 – 93
EN
During rescue excavations in the town of Sereď, Galanta distr., SW Slovakia, a settlement from the La Tène Period was uncovered. The article analyses two sunken features, pit-houses. A usual set of pottery consisting of bowl and vase shapes, situlas and situla-shaped pots was discovered in their fills. One of the features is well dated by two fragments of bracelets made of sapropelite. The settlement is dated to the Middle La Tène Period.
19
Content available remote

ČTYŘÚHELNÍKOVÁ OHRAZENÍ NA LATÉNSKÝCH NEKROPOLÍCH V ČECHÁCH A NA MORAVĚ VE SVĚTLE NÁLEZŮ Z LOCHENIC A NEBOVID

88%
Mangel  T., Stolz D., Vávra M., Mazáč M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2023
|
vol. 70
|
issue 1
1 – 28
EN
The article focuses on quadrangular ditch enclosures at the La Tène period cemeteries in Bohemia and Moravia. The starting points for the analysis are recently excavated and evaluated enclosures from two archaeological sites. Three enclosures, one surrounding a robbed burial pit, were excavated at Lochenice, Hradec Králové district. Based on radiocarbon dating, they can be dated to the LTA/B1 or LTB2b – C1a period. The second case is represented by a partially robbed double grave with an enclosure from Nebovidy, Kolín district. It can be dated using the same method to the broader LTB – C1/C2 period. As a part of the evaluation, data on thirty-four similar features registered at fifteen sites with proven or probable links to burial activities from various parts of the La Tène period were analysed. Their formal and metric characteristics, chronology issues, and geographical distribution are examined in particular. Associated graves and burials documented in less than half of the cases are evaluated too. The results show chronological and, in some aspects, formal differences between these structures known from the Czech and Moravian territories. The discussion focuses in a broader context on the background of these differences and the possible role and construction form of quadrangular enclosures recorded within the working area.
20
Content available remote

DEPOT ŽELEZNÝCH NÁSTROJOV Z DOBY LATÉNSKEJ ZO ZEMIANSKEHO PODHRADIA-MARTÁKOVEJ SKALY

75%
Veliačik L.
Študijné zvesti
|
2010
|
issue 47
149 - 155
EN
During a survey of the fortified settlement of Lužice culture in position Hradiská, which was also settled in the La Tène Period, a smaller deposit of iron tools was found at the foot of one of the cliffs of a nearby Late La Tène fort at Martáková skala in 1987. The deposit consisted of a massive iron axe with rectangular socket, a big socketed chisel and a knife with tapering tang. Among La Tène hoards all three objects belong to the most frequent and functionally relatively universal tool types. The axe and chisel were used mainly in wood logging and woodworking; the knife was a versatile tool mostly for domestic use or as a weapon in hunting and fighting. The analysis of the deposit inventory showed that the objects had been produced and buried in the Late La Tène period, at the earliest around the turn of the two last centuries BC (level LTD 1). Thus they belong to the time horizon in which the custom of burying iron tools deposits and the reasons for doing so are the most notable, and concrete acts of such burials are the most numerous. The hoard might also have had a votive character, although find circumstances rather signal accidental and temporary abandonment of the objects. Apart from the referred to hill-forts the article mentions sites in neighbouring villages of Bošáca (the hill-fort is less marked and the character of its settlement less clear) and Trenčianske Bohuslavice (oppidum), whose location and chronological classification are comparable. The article also states an absence of lowland agricultural settlements in the settlement structure of the micro region of Bošácka and Moravskolieskovská valleys.
first rewind previous Page / 2 next fast forward last
JavaScript is turned off in your web browser. Turn it on to take full advantage of this site, then refresh the page.