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1

Políticas lingüísticas —implícitas y explicitas— en el Nuevo Reino de Granada

100%
Garcia M. F.
Estudios Hispánicos
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2011
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vol. 19
141-150
EN
This article discusses language planning developed by the Spanish in the kingdom of Nueva Granada, now Colombia. They found an area with very special characteristics. First, Nueva Granada was a mixture of pre-Columbian civilizations. Second, that territory did not have a dominant language before the Spanish. Third, the colonizers faced very different sociolinguistic objectives: the communication with the metropolis, the translation of indigenous languages, the evangelization of the new citizens. The result was a diglossia, finally, many indigenous languages retained. Curiously, the Spanish Crown was more tolerant of linguistic diversity in America than in Europe.
2
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Ewolucja świadomości językowej Czechów po 1989 roku

100%
Hofmański W.
Bohemistyka
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2016
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vol. 16
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issue 2
169 - 180
EN
This paper is devoted to the formation of the linguistic awareness of the Czechs after 1989. Rapid changes in the linguistic and paralinguistic reality of the past 25 years are associated with the Velvet Revolution and the division of Czechoslovakia. The most important changes in the linguistic awareness of the Czechs after 1989 are the gradual increase in the social acceptance of the colloquial language and lack of objection against the progression of brutalization of the language of public debate. This can be interpreted as the disappearance of the need to aestheticise the language and also as an aversion to, in its broadest sense, the Czech language culture. The most important change, however, seems to be a lack of awareness that the society is bilingual and that Czech-Slovak communication within the society is possible.
3
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SANSKRIT: AN ANALYSIS IN TERMS OF HAUGEN'S THEORYOF LANGUAGE PLANNING

100%
Bradius V. M. I.
Lingua Posnaniensis
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2005
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vol. 47
123-131
EN
The aim of the article is to overview the methods of language planning - a subdiscipline of Applied Socio-linguistics which is concerned with the deliberate manipulation of language in the interests of a perceived social good. Einar Haugen's pioneering work into the way that is effected by modern governments and others provides a framework by which this procedure may be studied. One possible object for analysis by means of this framework is Sanskrit, a language codified in a linguistically sophisticated manner over two thousand years ago by Panini. Such an analysis shows that Sanskrit indeed meets the normal criteria for being considered a planned language and may be profitably studied following this approach. Such an examination permits an observation of the long-term effects of language planning in the context of a linguistic environment in which naturally evolving languages are used side-by-side with the planned language and there are significant interactions. Such explorations can clarify the potential effects of being more or less rigidly planned on the languages resulting from modern language planning projects.
4

PESTOVANIE BILITERÁRNOSTI AKO SÚČASŤ KULTÚRNEJ POLITIKY A JAZYKOVÉHO PLÁNOVANIA V ČESKOSLOVENSKOM KONTEXTE (CHMELOVSKÉ INŠPIRÁCIE)

75%
Nábělková M.
Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)
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2019
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vol. 66
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issue 6
417 – 429
EN
Rudolf Chmel´s birth anniversary offers an opportunity to remind the 25 years he has spent working at the Faculty of Arts, Charles University in Prague. In the year 1994 he became the head of the Institute of the Slovak studies, which along with its pedagogical activities became the centre of research into the Slovak-Czech and Czech-Slovak linguistic, literary and historical relations viewed in a wider context. The special area of research is the issues of biliteracy (the notion introduced by Rudolf Chmel) – developing Czech-Slovak and Slovak-Czech biliteracy alongside bilingualism is presented as a part of cultural policy and language planning. What seems to be a remarkable investment in the support of receiving Slovak literature and developing biliteracy of Czech readers is appended text dictionaries containing Czech equivalents to Slovak words, which are included in the editorial apparatus of the interwar edition called Čítanie študujúcej mládeže/School Youth´s Reading and the post-war edition called Hviezdoslavova knižnica/Hviezdoslav´s Library. The appended text dictionaries as a special kind of abridged text dictionaries deserve attention in terms of several (socio) linguistic and literary aspects.
5
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K jazykové situaci v nadnárodních podnicích působících v České republice

75%
Nekvapil J., Nekula M.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2006
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vol. 67
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issue 2
83-95
EN
This article deals with intercultural contact in branches of multinational companies or corporations founded in the Czech Republic by German, Austrian or Swiss owners. Multinational businesses (large ones in particular) are trying to regulate the communication within the company. This is achieved predominantly by introducing an official corporate language in the company, employing people fluent in the language, and promoting language courses. Our research, based on the analysis of questionnaires and semi-structured interview data, has shown that the foreign employees seldom adapt to the language of the local employees, while the adaptation of the local employees to the language of the foreign ones is not only usual but also expected. The regulation of the communication therefore results in the promotion of primarily asymmetrical language adaptation, which benefits the German, Austrian and Swiss owners and the German-speaking foreign employees delegated by them (the so-called expatriates). However, the companies examined also promote the use of English to a considerable extent, which provides a basis for symmetrical communication between local and expatriate employees.
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O historii, teorii a modelech jazykového plánování

63%
Nekvapil J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2010
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vol. 71
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issue 1
53-74
EN
The aim of this contribution is to present the development of language planning from the perspective of the central current of western sociolinguistics, i.e. sociolinguistics from the Anglo-American world, in which the concept of language planning was born (as surprising as this statement may be for researchers from post-communist countries). Following Neustupny (2006), the author distinguishes between four historical types of language planning: 'pre-modern', 'early modern', 'modern' and 'post-modern'. More or less developed theories of language planning are also characteristic for these types. Language planning as an academic discipline has existed for about fifty years and at least two periods can be distinguished within it: 'classic language planning' of the 1960s and 1970s, oriented above all toward the modernization of so-called third world countries, and the newer 'cology paradigm', emerging from the critique of the previous period and supporting the plurality and diversity of languages in the spirit of postmodernism. He devotes particular attention to the 'Reversing Language Shift' model (Fishman, 1991), the 'Catherine Wheel' model (Strubell, 1999) and Language Management Theory (Jernudd -Neustupny, 1987). The last of these theories places language planning in a broader communicative and sociocultural context than the previous theories of language planning, and it can be expected that, due to its constructive features, its significance will grow.
7
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Kultivace (standardního) jazyka

63%
Nekvapil J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2007
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vol. 68
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issue 4
287-301
EN
This paper outlines the basics of the Prague School concept of language cultivation and main features of how it has been put into practice in the Czech Republic, and compares this approach with current language planning in Sweden. The paper aims at (1) placing the Prague School concept of language cultivation within the framework of international sociolinguistics, (2) pointing out that this concept contributes only partially to solving the language problems of contemporary societies, (3) outlining the possibilities of language cultivation in the post-modern era, while paying attention to language standardization, de-standardization and management. The author argues that the access of the Czech Republic to the EU will change the language situation of the country including the focus of and attitudes toward language planning.
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