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SÍDLISKO Z DOBY BRONZOVEJ VO VYSOKEJ PRI MORAVE. PRÍSPEVOK KU KOLOVÝM STAVBÁM A OSÍDLENIU DOLNÉHO ZÁHORIA V MLADŠEJ DOBE BRONZOVEJ

100%
Bobek P., Elschek K., Šimunková K.
Študijné zvesti
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2017
|
issue 62
37 - 60
EN
The settlement was discovered during the rescue research in the cadastre of Vysoká pri Morave from the Late Bronze Age. Most of the explored objects were post/column pits, in one case there appeared a storage pit, seven objects are representing not specified settlement pits. Fragmental findings from partially damaged post/column pits allow dating of this settlement to the older phase of the Middle-Danube Urnfield culture. It was possible to identify at least three ground planes of above-ground buildings, which, because of their size, were likely to be used as residential units. Their disposition is similar to other well-known buildings on the Late Bronze Age settlements in the Middle Danube area. Due to its atypical localization in the floodplain, this settlement represents a significant contribution to the settlement strategies of the Late Bronze Age.
2

LATE BRONZE AGE AND EARLY IRON AGE CEMETERY FROM WROClAW ZERNIKI (Cmentarzysko cialopalne z póznej epoki brazu i wczesnej epoki zelaza we Wroclawiu Zernikach)

100%
Baron J., Skolasinski l., Zur T.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
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2010
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vol. 62
381-411
EN
The paper aims at presentation of results of salvage excavations carried out at a cremation urnfield at Wroclaw zerniki (site no. 4). Apart from introduction, geomorphological properties of the area, state of preservation and grave forms, the text includes results of studies on discovered artefacts. They were mostly made of ceramics, however some items made of bronze, iron and lithic were analysed as well. On the basis of morphologic and stylistic properties of reconstructed vessels, it was concluded that the urnfield, despite its small size, had been used for several centuries i.e. from the Hallstatt A2 to C periods. However, obtained data do not allow to establish if the site was used continuously. The text contains closing remarks on the site against the background of other known sites of similar chronology.
3

CENTRAL AND SOUTHEASTERN EUROPE IN THE SECOND HALF OF 12th CENTURY B.C. - CLIMATE CRISIS FROM 1159-1141 B.C. AND ITS REFLECTION IN THE ARCHAEOLOGICAL RECORD

100%
Przybyla M. S.
Sprawozdania Archeologiczne
|
2006
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vol. 58
103-174
EN
Thanks to the dendrochronological and glaciological investigations it has been identified the sequence of cooler and wetter climatic events from the 4-1 millenniums B.C., which has been caused by volcanic eruptions. This paper is a trial of binding one of those events (from 1159-1141 B.C.) with the data observed in the archeological record. The remarkable changes in the cultural image can be observed in the different regions of Central and Southeastern Europe, in the same period (phase HA, or eventual LBA III in the Carpathian Basin). In some of the regions it has come to the complete vanishing of settlement. The spreading of some particular ceramic stylistics streams allows us to reconstruct probable directions of people groups migrations during this event.
4

METAL ARTEFACTS OF ZRUBNA/TIMBER-GRAVE CULTURE OF THE NORTH AZOV AREA AS CHRONOLOGICAL INDICATORS

100%
Zabavin V.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2022
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vol. 70
|
issue 2
257 – 273
EN
The article deals with the problems of relative and absolute chronology of Zrubna/Timber-grave culture of the North Azov area of the Paleo-metallic epoch. It addresses successfully these questions to understand the regional specificities of the cultural-historical process, but also to correctly describe the nature of inter-regional connections in terms of their dynamics and direction. To date the Zrubna/Timber-grave culture we used the results of comparative-typological analysis. With a significant distance of the Northern Azov area from the centres of civilizations, such dating acquires the character of a multi-step procedure, the results of which directly depend on the accuracy of the construction of numerous typological comparisons. In determining the absolute dates of Zrubna/Timber-grave culture of the North Azov area, the author is mainly guided by the more adjusted chronological scales, constructed with the help of natural-scientific dating methods. To resolve questions of relative chronology and synchronization of horizons of Zrubna/Timber-grave culture in the North Azov area with the cultures of the Carpathian-Danube region the author used so-called chronological indicators – bronze and antimony products. This eventually made it possible to construct a version of the relative and absolute chronology scheme.
5

CULTURAL GENESIS AND THE FINAL FF ZRUBNA TIMBER-GRAVE CULTURE OF THE NORTH AZOV AREA (THE LATE BRONZE AGE)

88%
Zabavin V., Bulyk M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
|
issue 1
23 – 36
EN
The article is concerned with the cultural genesis of Zrubna Timber-Grave Culture in the North Azov Area, its emergence in the area and the initial stage of development. The author provides historiographical overview of the problem and considers the main concepts of the genesis and the development of Zrubna Timber-Grave Culture in the region under research. The article also describes a number of ritual and inventory features characterizing the initial burial sites of Zrubna Timber-Grave Culture of the North Azov Area with Pokrovsk features. It was those sites that were recognized the earliest ones typical of the region’s timber-grave culture following the times of the burial sites of Babine Cultural Circle. As far as culture and history, the emergence of Zrubna Timber-Grave Culture in the North Azov Area is associated with migration of Pokrovsk-type sites’ bearers from the Woodland Grass of the Don Area through the basin of the Siverskyi Donets with active participation of the autochthonous Babine population. The article also considers issues concerned with determining the upper chronological limits of Zrubna Timber-Grave Culture on the territory of Left-Bank Ukraine and the North Azov Area, in particular the limits marking disappearance or transformation of Zrubna Timber-Grave Culture into new formations of the final stage of the late Bronze Age.
6

KOSTROVÉ HROBY Z DOBY POPELNICOVÝCH POLÍ NA MORAVĚ

88%
Parma D., Stuchlík S.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2017
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vol. 65
|
issue 2
207 – 236
EN
The practice of burying the deceased without cremating them during the Late and Final Bronze Age is a rare occurrence in Central Europe, as it was established and widely respected practice to cremate the deceased before burying them. Despite the low number of instances of this practice, its information value may be significant, which is why a new commented list of all Urnfield culture inhumation graves in Moravia was prepared. It includes a total of 11 sites, including eight graves from the Late and seven from the Final Bronze Age; inhumation are completely absent in the eastern and northern Moravia. Based on this list, the current knowledge about this issue has been summarised and explained within broader geographical contexts and interpreted (where possible). While in the case of inhumation burials during the Late Bronze Age we can talk about isolated exceptions related most probably to earlier Middle Bronze Age burial practices, during the Final Bronze Age we can begin to see connections with the new wave of innovations coming from the Carpathian Basin. Inventory of inhumation graves differs from contemporary cremation graves, it is clear that in comparison with ordinary funerals, fewer ceramic vessels and more parts of costume appear in graves with unburnt bodies. In the case of jewelry, the original function can be well established thanks to the functional position.
7
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SÍDLISKO Z NESKOREJ DOBY BRONZOVEJ V DETVE V POLOHE LÚČNA ŠTVRŤ

88%
Beljak Pažinová N., Chmelo L.
Študijné zvesti
|
2019
|
issue 65
39 - 56
EN
The aim of this article is to present results of the rescue excavations carried out in spring 2016 at the site of Lúčna district in Detva, where settlement from the end of the Bronze Age had been discovered. The article presents finds discovered during the removal of the topsoil and monitoring of excavated foundations of a detached house at building plot no. 7381/27 in the residential area of Detva. In the corner of the building plot with area of approx. 10 m2, a rich cultural layer and ground plan of a quadratic structure with an oven in the interior were uncovered. Dating of the settlement to the Late Bronze Age is enabled by fragments of various smaller and bigger mostly thick-walled vessels and pottery with high-quality black burnished surface including slanted as well as vertical flutings. It is a newly discovered settlement corresponding with the known prehistoric hillfort of Detva-Kalamárka, which is approx. 5 km north of the studied site.
8

LATE BRONZE AGE POTTERY IN THE SOUTH-EASTERN CARPATHIAN BASIN

88%
Sava V.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 2
253 - 296
EN
After the abandonment of some of the Middle Bronze Age tell settlements, a series of developments and transformations lead to the construction of mega-forts in the Lower Mureș Region during the 15th c. BC, followed by their subsequent destruction/demise during the 13th c. BC. While most investigations in the aforementioned region have focused on the evolution of the most representative sites, a large number of artefacts, especially the pottery assemblage, have not yet been analysed in detail. The current paper aims to fill this gap by presenting a detailed analysis combining the available radiocarbon dates, the contexts from where these samples were taken, and the associated pottery finds. In this way we could establish time intervals expressed in absolute dates that frame the evolution of certain pottery shapes, decoration techniques and ornamental motifs. As a result of this analysis, it became clear that certain characteristics of the Middle Bronze Age pottery have been perpetuated during the Late Bronze Age. Another important observation was the widespread use of channelled pottery as early as the 16th c. BC within some communities from this region. On the other hand, other communities in the area make extensive use of incised decoration until the 14th c. BC. As a result, two different stylistic areas could be observed in the Lower Mureș Region. The results obtained in this paper underline the drawbacks of traditional relative chronologies based on the evolution of certain artefact types. Therefore, a chronological scheme based on major events taking place in the Lower Mureș Region, established following the analysis of a series of radiocarbon dates, is put forward in this paper.
9

EINE ARMSCHUTZSPIRALE VOM TYP SALGÓTARJÁN MIT TEXTILRESTEN VON „STAMPFEN“ (STUPAVA)

88%
Graf V., Grömer K., Trnka G.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
|
vol. 68
|
issue suppl 1
163 – 169
EN
An old find of a bronze arm protection spiral of the Salgótarján type from the former ‘Stampfen’ in today‘s south-west Slovakia is presented. This typical product of the Carpathian Piliny culture (Slovakia and Hungary) dates from the late Middle Bronze Age to the late Bronze Age (BC–BD and HA 1). Mineralized textile residues are a special feature at some points of the spiral. Here it is made clear that even old finds can still bring surprises when viewed closely.
10

NOTES ON DEVELOPMENT OF THE LUSATIAN CULTURE IN SLOVAKIA

88%
Kujovský R.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2022
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vol. 70
|
issue 1
81 – 104
EN
Thye author provides a brief summary of the historical development of the Lusatian settlement in Slovakia. Following from the published results of archaeological investigations and surveys of settlements and burial grounds of the Lusatian culture, he uses information related to the burial rite, economic background and material expressions of social relations to suggest division of the development of individual stages. In the second part of the article, he specifies the material content of suggested individual stages of historical development using elements typical for the relevant period. The beginnings of the Lusatian settlement have been discussed by experts for decades. Analysing the cultural base from which it was created, the author has come to a conclusion that the origin of the studied culture in Slovakia can be dated back as early as the Middle Bronze Age. He does not doubt the importance of the Tumulus culture in crystallization of the Lusatian culture. However, he points to the fact, that it was only one of the elements in this process in the north of Slovakia. He monitors gradual territorial expansion of the Lusatian culture, its relations to the neighbouring cultures. He deals only marginally with the generally accepted significant status of the Lusatian culture in production of bronze artefacts in its prime period in the Later and Final Bronze ages in Slovakia. For chronological conclusions, he uses the shapes and decorative motifs on pottery more frequently. In his article, the author presents his opinion of gradual extinction of the Lusatian settlement in Slovakia in the Hallstatt period. He deals with the causes of this development and its possible regional results, without an attempt to provide a detailed analysis of its expressions. More exact conclusions regarding development of the Lusatian culture in individual Slovak regions in the Hallstatt period require extensive, mainly field, archaeological investigation.
11
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NÁLEZ POZDĹŽNE REBROVANÉHO NÁRAMKU Z DOBY BRONZOVEJ Z IŽE-LEÁNYVÁRU

88%
Rajtár J., Mitáš V., Mezey V.
Študijné zvesti
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2022
|
vol. 69
|
issue 2
249-260
EN
The article publishes the solitary find of a horizontally ribbed bracelet of tin bronze which was discovered in course of the revision excavation of the Roman castellum in the cadastral area of Iža village in 1979. Its presence at the site of Leányvár is generally explained by activities associated with construction and re-constructions of the military camp from the end of the 2nd–4th century. It is probably an ornament from a destroyed burial from the final Middle Bronze Age/beginning of the Late Bronze Age or a translocated settlement find from this period. Dating of the horizontally ribbed bracelet from Iža-Leányvár to stages BC2–BD1 follows from analogous finds from burial grounds in neighbouring countries and on identical bronze bracelets in the depot of Blučina 4 in Moravia in particular. A settlement find of a casting mould documenting regional production of bronze bracelets with three horizontal ribs is also mentioned.
12

ANTROPOLOGICKÝ ROZBOR ŽIAROVÉHO POHREBISKA Z DOBY BRONZOVEJ V ŽITAVANOCH-KŇAŽICIACH, OKRES ZLATÉ MORAVCE

75%
Vondráková M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2018
|
vol. 66
|
issue 2
337 – 341
EN
In the cadastre of Žitavany, distr. Zlaté Moravce, was in 1979 – 1983 excavated by archaeological research urnfield burial ground from the late and final Bronze Age. 77 graves were examined (six of them were symbolic, without bone remains).We were able to analyse burnt remains of bones just from 34 graves (30 were in urns, four in pits). 66 indivials were buried in 23 simple graves (two of them were double burials) and 11 in multiple graves (including seven double burials).Studied part of population consisted of 31 non-adult individuals, 13 individuals with estimated age as juvenile to adult and 22 adult individuals.
13
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OSÍDLENIE STREDNÉHO PONITRIA V NESKOREJ DOBE BRONZOVEJ A VČASNEJ DOBE ŽELEZNEJ: VYUŽITIE GIS-ANALÝZ

75%
Horňák M., Stegmann-Rajtár S.
Študijné zvesti
|
2008
|
issue 43
43 - 52
EN
In almost thousand-year lasting development of the Lusatian culture there may be defined two cultural landscapes: the older one without fortified hill forts and the younger one for which the fortified hill forts are typical. On one hande the Lusatian culture folk fluently continue with its organisation and distribution of lowland settlements the previous development of the Early Bronze Age (Northern part of the Middle Ponitrie), whereas on the other hand it expands southwards and occupies the space, which was populated by the Čaka culture folk (Southern part of the Middle Ponitrie), and became the dominant element influencing the cultural landscape formation. By the digitalization of the registered localities and their display on a thematic topographic map in the scale 1:10 000 it was possible to define two distinctive agglomerations or models of settlement complexes: the first model related to the concentration of the hill forts Krnča-Tábor, Klátova Nová Ves-Šiance, Kovarce-Veľký Tribeč and the second one concentrated around the line of the hill forts Štitáre-Žibrica, Nitra-Zobor and hill fort Dražovce-Kostolík. On the example of two models of the settlement complexes it has tried, with the help of the basic GIS-analyses (“view shed” and “pathway”) on one hand to point out the possible process of hierarchy of the fortified hill forts and on the other hand to define from the spatial aspect the zones of their direct influence. The analyses have been based on the hypothetic model situation, that all of the fortified settlements existed in simultaneously in the same time period. Considering the research state, we aware of the fact that the presented results are mostly in a hypothetic level and it will be necessary to execute the intensive terrain survey in order to prove or disprove them.
14

SÍDLISKOVÉ OBJEKTY Z NESKOREJ DOBY BRONZOVEJ A POČIATKU DOBY HALŠTATSKEJ V ČIERNYCH KĽAČANOCH

75%
Cheben I., Chebenová P., Cheben M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2016
|
vol. 64
|
issue 1
65 – 94
EN
In the year 2013 and 2014 there was carried out an archaeological excavation for scientific and documentation purposes in Čierne Kľačany, location Pri mlyne. The area of the settlement was identified by geophysical measurement, according to which there were selected, and after that excavated, houses foundations belonging to the Lengyel culture located in the south-western part of the settlement. There was collected vast and variable pottery from different time periods during the both working seasons. Except of the Stone Age settlement pits and foundations of Lengyel culture houses with the channels for poles, some objects from the Late Bronze Age and Early Hallstatt Period were also found. There was excavated also a part of Linear culture object: ditch or a moat, 2 m wide and 60 cm deep, with flat bottom indicating, that it’s construction was not finished. Beside the huge amount of Lusatian culture finds, pottery material from the area of Central Danubian and probably also south-eastern Urnfield cultures was identified. Even the poor number of Urnfield cultures settlement pits found in this area, the potsherds was easily differentiated and was dated in the chronological phases HB – HC.
15

POHREBISKO A SÍDLISKO LUŽICKEJ KULTÚRY V DOLNOM KUBÍNE

75%
Cheben I., Vojteček M.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2011
|
vol. 59
|
issue 2
205 – 220
EN
Results, obtained during the rescue excavations in 2008 caused by a shopping centre construction in the area of former military quarters in Dolný Kubín are presented in the study. The researched area is situated on the river Orava left bank terrace at the Ožnica position, which is in 300 m distance of the present-day river flow. Since the 1930s the cremation burial ground dated to the Late Bronze Age has been known in professional literature already under the name of Dolný Kubín I. New excavations at this locality were realized at the positions of Kapustnée hrady and Kukučínova Street. Six cremation burials and two settlement objects of the Lusatian culture were found there. The graves were considerably damaged by previous building activities. Some graves were represented by clusters of fragments of several vessels, which contained only small number of charred human bones; there were sandstone fragments found among the potsherds, which probably were remains of covering or underlying plates. The other burials were pit graves with stone facing. Considering the shape and decoration of the pottery fragments, the necropolis can be dated to the Late Bronze Age generally. Revealing of a sunken feature – dwelling of 9 x 6 m in size – was an extraordinary significant find. Inner sunken sides of the walls were faced with the rectangular sandstone plates. Two amphorae were found under the floor level in the north-eastern corner. Another vessel was situated on the floor level in the centre. The find of a bronze pin with globular head and moulded neck together with dagger fragments are dating the dwelling into the BD stage. The excavated feature proves a Lusatian-culture settlement was situated in the close vicinity of the burial ground. The preserved construction details helped creating the dwelling space reconstruction.
16

HÖHENSIEDLUNGEN DER SPÄTBRONZE- UND ÄLTEREN EISENZEIT AN DER SAALE BEI JENA UND IN MITTELDEUTSCHLAND

75%
Ettel P.
Studia Historica Nitriensia
|
2017
|
vol. 21
|
issue suppl.
61 – 78
EN
A lot of hilltop settlements were founded in the Late Bronze Age in Central Germany (Thuringia, Saxony, Saxony-Anhalt). The building of castles in different quantity and quality continues in the Late Hallstatt- and Early La Tène cultures. There are about 150 hilltop settlements which mainly were founded near the rivers like Elbe, Saale etc. To these river-oriented castles belong the three hilltop settlements by the Saale near Jena: Jenzig, Johannisberg and Alter Gleisberg, which tell their own little history of castle building. In the last years, research excavations of the University of Jena were undertaken at the hilltop settlement Alter Gleisberg, to make ascertained statements about chronology, construction of fortification and interior structure. Now we have new knowledge of settlement and function especially for the northern part of the hilltop of Alter Gleisberg. Therefore the hilltop Alter Gleisberg was a central place of prime range with different central functions as protection, representation of authority, control of trade and traffic, craftsmanship and industries especially metalworking industries. On the Jenzig site, several hoards indicate a sacral function.
17

POHANSKÁ PRI PLAVECKOM PODHRADÍ. NOVÉ POZNATKY O HRADISKU Z MLADŠEJ A NESKOREJ DOBY BRONZOVEJ

75%
Bartík J., Čambal R., Lieskovský T.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2020
|
vol. 68
|
issue suppl 1
53 – 66
EN
Between 1927 and 1990, the Pohanská hillfort in Plavecké Podhradie was repeatedly surveyed and examined using probes. After 2019, the results of laser scanning provided fundamentally more precise information on the shapes of the terrain and the course of the rampart. As a result of illegal activities, four mass finds were added to the collection: three composed of bronze artefacts and one of gold artefacts. The new finds confirm that the main period of settlement in this site in the Bronze Age was the middle and later urn field period, HA2–HB1.
18
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OJEDINELÉ NÁLEZY Z VRCHU MARHÁT

75%
Jakubčinová M.
Študijné zvesti
|
2008
|
issue 44
51- 63
EN
Marhát hill is a dominant of Považský Inovec hills and by its position it certainly used to be a significant place in older historical periods. Two important ways led in its vicinity, which connected Nitra and Váh river basins and were lines of trade and communication between these regions. Occurrence of iron ore at its eastern slopes was of the same relevance, too, and it remarkably influenced settlement of this area. A hill fort had been built there on the hilltop as soon as in the Late Bronze Age that was flowering mainly during the Iron Age. This is proved by finds of artefacts and pottery as well, which are dated to this time horizon. In later periods the site probably was not used so intensively, except for a short-term refuge or a watch point.
19
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STATISTICAL ANALYSIS OF THE LUSATIAN CULTURE FUNERARY RITUAL ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE DIVIAKY NAD NITRICOU SITE

75%
Śmigielska  U.
Študijné zvesti
|
2023
|
vol. 70
|
issue 2
221 – 238
EN
Funerary rituals have played a crucial role in human societies throughout history, and archaeological investigation of these practices can provide valuable insights into beliefs and cultural practices. The application of statistical analysis to funerary data has emerged as a promising research direction, offering the ability to identify patterns and relationships not visible on the first sight. The article focuses on the exploration of funerary customs at the Diviaky nad Nitricou cemetery during the Late Bronze Age, using statistical approaches. The study is based on the analysis of 107 graves, which were excavated between 1940 and 1975. The analysis included the calculation of the splendour index and distinguishing wealth classes, comparing the distribution of wealth on the site with the Pareto distribution using the Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, spatial analysis, correlations of funerary rite features with each other and with biological characteristics, Kruskal-Wallis test, and correspondence analysis. The study provides insights into the funerary practices of the community using the cemetery in Diviaky nad Nitricou, but also highlights the difficulties of reconstructing past societies based on incomplete archaeological data.
20

MELČICE-LIESKOVÉ I – IV. ZHROMAŽDIŠTIA BRONZOVÝCH PREDMETOV Z BIELYCH KARPÁT

75%
Ondrkál F.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
|
2023
|
vol. 71
|
issue 2
287 – 314
EN
Western part of the Carpathian Mountains is characterized by a high level of metalworking during the Late Bronze Age (app. 1325 – 1050 BC), with characteristic shapes and decorations, and some exceptional finds of bronzes. Readings of data on mass metal deposition by the Nordic and Anglo-Saxon models of conceptual thought usually associate the selective deposition of Bronze Age metals with regular votive offerings by the population. However, if votive deposition were a common practice in the Urnfield culture, one would expect such hoards to be distributed chronologically more evenly and on a wider geographical scale. The Melčice-Lieskové I (BD/HA1; app. 1225 – 1175 BC) and Melčice-Lieskové II – IV (HB1a; app. 1075 – 1025 BC) hoards – using an extensive typological protocol and a rationalized documentary base – testify to wave, episodic and the regional nature of hoards in the central area of the White Carpathians as a reaction to specific social and political events, such as military operations or other conflicts. Hoards even contain items inherited for generations, with morphological features based on different technological-typological principles. Not only did they reflect the brutal struggles of the time, but they also witnessed the politics, economy, and culture of the Lusatian and Middle Danubian Urnfields, connecting the specifics of historical cases to broader social mechanisms previously recorded in global episodes of change and innovation across time and space.
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