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K úloze institutu landfrýdu v moravském zemském právu na prahu novověku. (Vznik a vývoj landfrýdů a role panovníka)

100%
Janiš D.
Folia historica Bohemica
|
2010
|
vol. 25
|
issue 2
7-28
EN
The Moravian Landfriede institutes represent an important issue as regards legal and political history of Mediaeval and Early Modern Moravia because they represented a significant komponent of the provincial law and the estate establishment throughout the 15th and 16th centuries. As genuine estate institutions, they were removed with post-White Mountain changes of the estate system. So far, only little attention has been paid to the Moravian Landfrieden in the literature. The Landfriede institutes appeared in Moravia in the late 14th century (1396?, 1412 and 1421). They kept thein considerable significance within the Moravian provincial law throughout the entire 15th century which was connected with repeated battles and internal disturbances. Two basic models of the Landfriede developed over the years. The first Landfriede institutes were concluded with the sovereign for a limited period of time and subsequently for the entire length of his rule. The other type of Landfriede was concluded mutually between Moravian estates. It represented temporary but functional solution of stabilisation of internal affairs in the country at the time of anarchy. The content and wording of the Landfriede became standardized in the 1480s.
2

MIKROSONDA DO SANKČNÉHO SYSTÉMU ARPÁDOVSKÉHO UHORSKA

100%
Gábriš T.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
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2008
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vol. 56
|
issue 4
599-623
EN
The paper considers the system of sanctions in Hungary during the Arpad period using the sources published by G. Wenzel, the Varadin (Magno Varadinum, Nagy Varad, Oradea) register and collections of written law from the period. By selecting diplomatic material on the basis of identification of key words typical for the solution of conflicts, the author collected 92 documents containing information about sanctions. By comparing their content with the content of the Varadin register and the surviving written law, the author verified the information about the application of sanctions in practice and the categorization of crimes punishable by death, physical punishments associated with shaming punishments, financial penalties, deprivation of liberty, dismissal from functions and privileges or by ecclesiastical penalties. A combination of penalties was often imposed. Sometimes, the punishment was not specified. The obligation to provide restitution for damage was linked with the sanction, but not as an independent sanction. A feature of the article is that it points to absence of mentions of physical punishments. This has also been found by foreign authors researching the same period.
3

VEČA. PRÍSPEVOK K DEJINÁM SLOVANSKÉHO PRÁVA

75%
Mesiarkin A.
Historický časopis (Historical Journal)
|
2016
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vol. 64
|
issue 2
333 – 360
EN
The veche has its regular place in the scientific and textbook literature. It is described as a popular assembly, which as a legal authority has traditionally wide competences in society. The origins of this type of gathering are often sought in the oldest past of the Slavs and therefore it is believed that veche accompanied the legal evolution of almost all the Slavic nations or societies. Various gatherings in medieval sources, mentioned in Latin as colloquium, placitum or under other terms were covered in literature by this Slavic term known from the Primary chronicle and therefore also with its imagined competences. This model of the process of the gathering, as was pointed out by Jacek Banaszkiewicz or Karol Modzelewski, is based on the notes of Tacitus, Thietmar and Helmold, compared with those from Novgorod and Pskov. The paper explores the powers and duties of the veche, compares the different phenomena that are brought together under this term in literature from various places in Europe and from various stages of history. The main goal of the text is to analyse whether or not the veche was a legal institution as is traditionally believed and most of all whether it was typical for communities named in medieval sources as Slavs.
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