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MARTIN KUKUČÍN – „VYHNANEC A PESIMISTA“

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Taranenková I.

Slovenská literatúra (Slovak Literature)

2013

vol. 60

issue 4

324 – 342

Building on the stimuli from ontological genre theory and thematology, the study reconstructs the autobiographical line of Martin Kukučín´s work and, in a wider sense, defines the writer´s semiotic gesture present in the whole of his work. The line in question is represented by the marginalized writings, shorter in size and vaguely recognized (sketches, short stories, columns), which were not exposed to interpretation so much. Besides the „children´s“ proses, they include „retrospective“ proses, the sketch Na obecnom salaši (At the Village Sheep Farm, 1887), the novella Vianočné oblátky (Christmas Wafers, 1890), the short story Tichá voda (Quiet Water, 1892), which thematize the motifs of becoming „estranged“ (O. Čepan) or realizing the „bitterness of half-blooded status“ of a man who is a peasant by origin and an intellectual by education. The last group within the autobiographical line comprises the Prague-related proses, which present Kukučín as a confident city author, whose relationship with the environment is very specific. The central motifs of the writings – melancholy and nostalgia – show the situation of the modern era subject, typical of which is an unanchored individual, the loss of support, the disappearing world of the traditional, archaic values, and the response to the intrusion of the modern era into people´s lives. There are various passages and layers of his work where he discloses the defining moment of the essential certainties of human life (family, background, tradition) being undermined, but it is not a catastrophe moment, rather an argument, which also stems from the natural course of events, an argument of life. In conclusion, the analysed texts cast light on the distinctive attitude in Kukučín´s writing style, and definitely prove that he was the kind of author who thematized human existence full of contradictions at the dawn of modern era with confidence. Thematizing lonely feelings, being cut off roots and losing the original world integrity expressed in the motifs of melancholy and nostalgia, which gave rise to his creative activity.

The coordination of communicative action

100%

Sik D.

Szociologiai Szemle (Sociological Review)

2008

vol. 18

issue 1

3-32

The following essay aimes at answering two questions. The first one concerns the formal character of the critical basis of the Habermasian social theory. Due to the fact that the Habermasian theory already presupposes a democratic institutional background and certain maxims that can not be deduced from the formal pragmatic analysis of language, the author argues that its critical basis contains substantive elements. In the second part of the essay he explains one of these elements. This element can be deduced from an immanent problem of the Habermasian social theory. Habermas introduces the notion of communicative action as the coordinating mechanism of social actions. It is needed only if the cooperation gets stuck because of the actors' different defmition of the situation. The communicative action itself is, however, a social action, as well. So the question proposes itself: what mechanism may put it back on track if it gets stuck? With other words: how can the coordination of communicative action be achieved? In a default situation, the coordination of social actions is assured by the lifeworld, so the problem of coordinating communicative actions is inseparable from the problem of the lifeworld. In The Theory of Communicative Action Habermas differentiates the lifeworlds by their level of rationality openness. Accordingly, the blocking of communicative action may be traced back to the different rationality levels of the actors; and the coordination of communicative action may be described as the elimination of this difference. So the author introduces the coordination of communicative action basically as a process of 'reflectivization'. In the course of the elaboration of the notion of 'reflectivization' he takes into account both Habermas's early and late works. Finally using the results of the discourse ethics and the democratic theoretical writings, he concludes that the coordination of communicative action may be described as a relearning of action-coordination on a higher level of moral development.

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MARTIN KUKUČÍN – „VYHNANEC A PESIMISTA“

The coordination of communicative action