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The role of self-interest and competence in attitudes toward politicians

100%
Cislak A., Wojciszke B.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2006
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vol. 37
|
issue 4
203-212
EN
Information on a politician's competence (low vs. high) and on his program regarding interests of the retired persons (against vs. for these interests) was presented to a group of retired persons (whose interests were involved) and a group of university students (whose interests were not involved). Voting intentions were predicted and found to be influenced by competence in both the retired and student participants, but only the former group was influenced by the politician's program relevant to retirees' interests. The self-interest strongly influenced also the perceived morality, competence, and liking of the politician. The influence of interest on liking was completely mediated by the morality ascribed to the target politician (but only for the retired participants whose interests were actually involved). The results were discussed as a support for the candidate-centered voting and an extension of a self-interest/status account of differences between liking and respect as separate dimensions of interpersonal attitudes.
2

Sponteous facial mimicry, liking and emotional contagion

100%
McIntosh D.
Polish Psychological Bulletin
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2006
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vol. 37
|
issue 1
31-42
EN
Facial mimicry is a basic facet of social interaction, theorized to influence emotional contagion, rapport, and perception and interpretation of others' emotional facial expressions. Using EMG, two studies examined spontaneous mimicry of emotional facial expressions of live models over time, and whether the relationship between the model and observer moderated mimicry. Study 1 manipulated observers' liking of a confederate model; Study 2 compared friends with strangers. Observers mimicked brow and cheek movement. Observers who liked the models mimicked cheek movements more than those who did not like them. Study 2 demonstrated mimicry of natural, spontaneous expressions and found that observers' affect changed in association with the models'. People mimic live, dynamic facial expressions, likely more idiosyncratic and weaker than prototypes often used as stimuli, supporting the naturalistic importance of mimicry. Liking increases mimicry of smiles, indicating that mimicry is partially a consequence, not just a cause, of positive social relationships.
3

Interpersonalne konsekwencje wybaczenia: Kiedy wybaczenie nie jest mile widziane?

88%
Gruszecka E., Piotrowski J.
Psychologia Społeczna
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2010
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vol. 5
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issue 4(15)
316-329
EN
Participants were led to believe that they have made a mistake which has thwarted experimenter's work. The experimenter has forgiven them, or he has not, and asked them or not for a favor. In the first study, participants who experienced forgiveness only ("pure" forgiveness condition) liked the experimenter more than participants who experienced forgiveness along with the request for a favor. Similar pattern of results was revealed when participant evaluated the experimenter's competence, intention to be in contact with him, and the study in general. The second study only partially replicated the described results. In this study, participants' mood was also assessed. Under conditions of "pure" forgiveness, participants mood increased, and under conditions of "conditional" forgiveness it decreased. Results of both studies suggest that condi-tions of pure forgiveness and conditions of lack of forgiveness associated with the possibility to redress the wrongdoing are emotionally equivalent (equally positive) and different from the condition of lack of forgiveness associated with no chance to redress the wrongdoing.
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