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Linguistic image of a stranger in unofficial names in rural population

100%
Piechnik A.
LingVaria : Półrocznik Wydziału Polonistyki UJ poświęcony zagadnieniom języka i językoznawstwa
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2006
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issue 1
193-202
EN
The analysis of almost 500 unofficial names of the inhabitants of Olszowa and Palesnica (Tarnów district) showed how the studied population perceives the world. Their thinking is dichotomous and leads to the division of the world in two categories 'natives' (whose character is not ridiculed in nicknames) and 'strangers'. This dichotomy values 'natives' and deprecates 'strangers'. The group of 'strangers' is constituted not only by those who moved into the area or appeared in the community by getting married. Those who behave asocially or use a language considered as unnatural (speak in local dialect in official situation or try to get rid of a dialect in unofficial contacts) also fell into this category. In the unofficial nicknames the negative emotions are signalled not only by definitional and implied semantic content but also by expressive endings and affixes. The use of animal names in nicknames (which introduces 'homo' - 'animal' dichotomy) plays role in deprecation and dehumanisation of people as well.
2

Metafory pýchy

51%
Saicova R. L.
Naše řeč (Our Speech)
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2010
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vol. 93
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issue 1
16-24
EN
There are two basic types of pride (pycha) in Czech: 'pride-haughtiness' with negative connotations and 'pride proper' with positive ones. These two types are closely connected and represent a type of continuum. Metaphors concerning both types of pride in Czech are numerous and form a complex net centred around the following metaphors: pride is a living organism, pride is a power, pride is a liquid or a gas, and pride is an illness.
3
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Jazykový obraz světa a kreativní text

51%
Pajdzinska A., Tokarski R.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2010
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vol. 71
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issue 4
288-297
EN
In this paper, it is claimed that the artistic vision of the world is not very different from the linguistic picture of the world and that creative use of language (i.e. artistic or journalistic texts, advertisements, or even colloquial texts) can contain valuable, indeed, sometimes fundamental data for a reconstruction of the conceptual system encoded in the language. Examples of texts are provided, thanks to which one can verify hypotheses constructed on the basis of systemic facts and which draw attention to an aspect of the linguistic picture of the world. When creative uses are taken into account, semantic components inconspicuous in the general variety of the language surface, and the semantic openness of linguistic expressions is revealed - this openness is correlated with the openness of human thinking about the world. Textual connotations, merely individual at face value, usually have a clear motivation because a semantically interpretable utterance must be derived from linguistic and cultural knowledge. Situations in which the text is the only justification of unconventionalized semantic components are very rare.
4
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Jaké hodnoty spoluutvářejí jazykový obraz světa Slovanů?

51%
Bartminski J.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2010
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vol. 71
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issue 4
329-339
EN
This article relates to the international project on the linguistic-cultural picture of the world of the Slavs and their neighbors. The author proposes that the project address questions relating to the values underlying the linguistic picture of the world in the national languages under study, their hierarchy, the system they constitute, and above all the question of understanding of these values. A preliminary list of values in the Polish linguistic-cultural sphere contains about 70 concepts, including: (1) spatial concepts: HOUSE, EUROPE, EAST, WEST; (2) concepts relating to humans, their attitudes and personal virtues: PERSON, FRIENDSHIP, DIGNITY, COURAGE, HEROISM; (3) concepts relating to social attitudes and virtues: FAMILY, NATION, JUSTICE, SOLIDARITY, RESPONSIBILITY, TOLERANCE, HOSPITALITY; (4) political concepts: DEMOCRACY, REGIONALISM, SELF-GOVERNMENT; (5) key ideological concepts: FREEDOM, EQUALITY, INDEPENDENCE, HOMELAND; (6) religious concepts: GOD/FAITH, CHURCH; (7) general concepts: TRUTH, FALSEHOOD (LIE), SCHOLARSHIP, WORK. To a great extent, these values are common to several languages. The question remains, however, what hierarchy there is in various languages and how the values are understood. Comparative research on the linguistic picture of the world should also deal with oppositions of the type ‘one of us/foreign', ‘us/them', as well as national, religious and ideological auto- and hetero-stereotypes.
5
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Czeskie dziewiętnasto- i dwudziestowieczne porównania z komponentem ZWIERZĘ

44%
Balowska G.
Bohemistyka
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2013
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vol. 13
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issue 4
243 - 265
EN
Article is situated in a current of research on linguistic picture of the world. Subject of analysis are Czech's nineteenth and twentieth century comparative structures motivated by a world of animals. Presentation of factors, which shape opposition human - animal in language and culture, is a starting point for considerations. In the further part, comparison was discussed as a phraseological unit of Czech language, as well as contribution of animals names in creating comparison, describing characteristics and human behaviors. Manner of evaluation in those structures was also described, in which animals names fundamentally serve for negative evaluation. On the example of chosen comparisons, with native and exotic animals names, similarities and differences were indicated in their functioning in nineteenth and twentieth century. Detailed analysis of comparisons with component svině served as an example of language-cultural differences, which was fullfiled in Czech language over the late nineteenth and early twentieth century.
6
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Problémy pojetí jazykového obrazu světa v perspektivě srovnávacích výzkumů

38%
Grzegorczykowa R.
Slovo a slovesnost: časopis pro otázky teorie a kultury jazyka (Slovo a slovesnost: A journal for the theory of language and language cultivation)
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2010
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vol. 71
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issue 4
275-287
EN
The paper deals with two questions. The first question concerns the range of the 'mental picture' of a denoted object, created in the thought of a speaker. Classical (structural) linguistics and logical semantics concentrates on the essential features of the object (the necessary and sufficient conditions to reckon the object as a member of the considered class), whilst cognitive linguistics tends to treat all features associated with an object as valid for the mental picture of this object. The non-essential features are either stabilized by some linguistic facts (like derivations, proverbs, etc.), or are individually created in the text. The second question concerns the ontological character of the denoted objects. The object can be relatively ontologically independent, like: natural beings (e.g. plants, animals), some artefacts (e.g. buildings, tables), or the object can be an entity discernible by the human cognitive, linguistic categorization of the world (the parts of the body, some subsets or collections, the emotional states of a person). Some denoted objects can be human mental constructions (e.g. theoretical models, social ideologies). The ontological character of denoted objects seems to be essential in order to fix the 'tertium comparationis' in comparative research.
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