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MODELLING OF MORTALITY AMONG PEOPLE OVER 80 YEARS OF AGE

100%
Purzynski J., Gazinska M., Mojsiewicz M.
Studia Demograficzne
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2005
|
issue 1(147)
30-49
EN
This paper addresses the issue of numeric calculations related to the modelling of the probability of dying within a year among people aged 80 years and over. According to 'The Force of Mortality between the Ages of 80 and 120' (A.R. Thatcher, V. Kannisto, J.W. Vaupel, 1999), the applicability of the following models were analysed: Gompertz, Weibul, Heligman-Pollard, Kannisto, logistic, and Coale-Kisker. After appropriate modification of the formulas, the authors achieved a better goodness of fit for the logistic and the Coale-Kisker models than that reported in the aforementioned publication. A hyperbolic-tangent model was proposed - being an equivalent to the logistic model - and it provides a much better goodness of fit for the empirical data.
2
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Demografické souvislosti stárnutí

88%
Dimitrova M.
Naše společnost (Our Society)
|
2007
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vol. 5
|
issue 1
24-30
EN
Old age and aging of individuals are phenomena that took important place in society as early as former times. During twentieth century the question of aging got new meaning, because it newly started to overreach from individual level to all-society. As a result of improvement of some social conditions (f.e. medical care, lifestyle, hygiene, living standard etc.), that was already initiated approximately at the beginning of the nineteenth century, dying started to be moved to higher age and people live longer. In modern societies this event usually goes with decline of natality and fertility. In final effect combination of these two factors causes the process that is known as demographic aging. In general we have to distinguish between two views on problems of aging. The first view is focused on individual aging, the second one on demographic aging of human population. But it is clear that both of these views relate to each other. Similarly this article offers the roundup of problems of demographic aging, but also gives a touch of questions about longevity and quality of life, that gain ground in connection with theme of individual aging.
3

STARORODIČOVSTVO Z EVOLUČNEJ PERSPEKTÍVY

88%
Uhrin M.
Slovenský národopis (Slovak Ethnology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 1
68 - 83
EN
Humans belong to the few species in which females and males live for a relatively long time after the end of their reproductive period. In this paper, I present theoretical concepts explaining the relatively long post-reproductive life span of humans and the menopause: the grandmother hypothesis and the diet, intelligence and longevity model (also known as the embodied capital model). The grandmother hypothesis, offering an evolutionary explanation of the menopause, shows that throughout most of the human history, childrearing has been a cooperative endeavour. In all societies across the world, mothers, fathers, grandparents, and other family members cooperate in networks consisting of kin and non-kin in order to assist with childrearing. The paper also argues how ethnographic research can contribute to the testing of evolutionary theories of grandparenthood in contemporary societies.
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