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1

EIN FRÜHMITTELALTERLICHER SCHMIEDEDEPOTFUND VON WEGSCHEID AM KAMP, NIEDERÖSTERREICH

100%
Lauermann E., Scheiblechner W.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2017
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vol. 65
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issue 1
81 – 98
EN
The smith’s depot find from Wegscheid am Kamp was discovered by accident, salvaged and handed over to the Lower Austrian Archaeology Service for analysis several years later. The shape and size of the tools found show that blacksmithing was taking place. The assemblage seems to have belonged to a professional blacksmith, who worked either in a permanent workshop or as an itinerant handworker. The numerous tools capable of being used for different purposes indicate the existence of ‘polytechnical’ artisans, who presumably went, with their tool boxes from homestead to homestead, working in the workshops they found there. This view is also indicated by the weapons, such as the blank of a single-edged sword, and above all by the small objects, such as the follis of Emperor Galerius Maximian (293 – 311 A. D.) and the ring fibula, which were probably carried as recycling material in a leather bag, from which the broken belt buckle and the loop of the strap remain. These last two objects date the hoard to the 6th cent.
2

UNGETAUFTE UND UNWÜRDIGE? MITTELALTERLICHE BESTATTUNGEN BEI DER KIRCHE AUF DER UNTEREN HOLZWIESE VON THUNAU, NIEDERÖSTERREICH

75%
Nowotny E.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2020
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vol. 68
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issue 2
353 – 378
EN
On the Schanzberg of Thunau, a hilltop well known for its early medieval centre of power, a church and a few burials were archaeologically investigated on the plateau of the ‘Untere Holzwiese’ in 1975 and the 1980s. The systematic evaluation of the burials and the 14C-dates of the church as well as of some of the burials allow new insight concerning their dating as well as interpretation. The church is mainly investigated regarding its secondary function as a burial place. It was earliest built in the late of the 10th and latest before the last third of the 13th c. and was ruinous between the late of the 13th and the late 14th c., which would fit the closing down of the castle Thunau. Five children (fetus to infans I) and one grown up were buried in and around this church in the High and Late Middle Ages. Examples are a fetus that was laid down on the demolished wall of the apse and a neonate buried inside of the apse. The burials and the church are contextualized in historical and archaeological terms as well as by stressing the topic of child burials close to and in churches. Incorporating theories about social space the special position of the church in the local landscape becomes more clearly as well as its secondary function regarding later burials. As there was no regular cemetery here, these buried were obviously neglected a regular Christian burial. Yet they were laid down close to a (remote) church without burial rights to positively influence their problematic post-mortem-identity. This and their mostly very young age indicates – regarding medieval written sources about baptism and afterlife topography as well as other archaeological investigations of this topic – that their unbaptized status is a likely interpretation. Further on another problematic dead, a slayed man, was buried here in the High Middle Ages, being banned by special burial rites.
3

GRAB 3 AUS DEM AUNJETITZER GRÄBERFELD VON GEITZENDORF. DER ERSTE NACHWEIS EINER METALLVERARBEITERIN IN DER FRÜHBRONZEZEIT NIEDERÖSTERREICHS

75%
Lauermann E., Pany-Kucera D.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2013
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vol. 61
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issue 1
93 – 106
EN
The cemetery of Geitzendorf with 15 documented graves provides an important contribution to the knowledge of Únětice Culture in Lower Austria. Among the grave group, the female grave V3 certainly represents the most important one. In a depth of 70 cm below the actual surface the grave shaft was clearly visible. In a depth of 120 cm a brown layer with an extension of 160 x 58 cm can be interpreted as wooden coffin. The skeleton was severely disturbed in the pelvis and the thorax regions. Like all the graves from Geitzendorf, this burial was robbed in ancient times. Besides the preserved jewellery like rings or spiral tubes, two amber beads were found as well. Among the ceramic finds the imitation of a leather poach is worth to be mentioned. Four cushion stones could have been used as tools for metal working. The stones were found dispersed in the back of the burial, outside the dark layer. Stone ST22 was covered by a small cup, immediately behind the skull. Anthropological examination of the skull – the pelvis is not preserved – point to the woman who died at the age of 45 – 60 years. The skeletal remains also showed some pathology. The arthrotic transformations were visible at the right temporomandibular joint as well as at the corresponding Fossa mandibularis of the skull. The right clavicle shows a severe, but healed fracture. The female goldsmith buried in Geitzendorf seems to be a unique phenomenon and raises new questions regarding the role of women in the Early Bronze Age society. It is not quite sure whether the stone tools in the burial represent the complete tool set of a goldsmith. The objects could also be regarded a pars pro toto. In the Early Bronze Age area of study, nonambiguous burials of the metal workers have been rarely found. Overall, the badly preserved finds from the cemetery, consisting mainly of ceramics, can be dated into the classic phase BA2 of the Únětice Culture.
4
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SILBERFIBELN BEI DEN ELBGERMANISCHEN ELITEN IN DER ÄLTEREN RÖMISCHEN KAISERZEIT NÖRDLICH VOM MITTELDONAUGEBIET

63%
Droberjar  E.
Študijné zvesti
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2023
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vol. 70
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issue 1
125 – 148
EN
In the article, the author deals with the occurrence and interpretation of Elbe-Germanic silver fibulae in the area north of the middle Danube, i. e. in Bohemia, Moravia, southwestern Slovakia and the Danube part of Lower Austria, respectively, in the territory inhabited in the early Roman period by the Polabian Germans (Suebi). Spring covered fibulae (Rollenkappenfibeln) and fibulae with eyes (Augenfibeln) are typical for B1 grade, in grades B2 – B2/C1 the elite wore tube-shaped (Trompetenfibeln) and knee-shaped (Kniefibeln) fibulae. The new types of fibulae (Almgren 80 var. PňovBliestorf and Almgren 142 var. Dobšice-Drösing) are also singled out in the article. The wealthiest graves do not contain East Germanic (Przeworsk culture and Wielbark culture) or Roman silver fibulae, which are also found in the investigated area, but only Elbe-Germanic fibulae. On the basis of typo-chronological analysis, during the early Roman period, the shift of power centres from central and north-western Bohemia in phases B1a-b can be traced, which are mainly connected with the existence of the so-called Marobud Empire to the central Danube region in the 2nd century (phase B2a – b), i. e. to southern Moravia and southwestern Slovakia.
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