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EN
General definitions of games unanimously emphasize their unproductive nature. While this nature as such seems obvious, it is useful to give some thought to the systemizing role of games, which often tend to be utilized in the more or less unconscious interpretation of communication context, including contexts perceived as foreign and unknown. In this article the author wishes to present several topics related to the role of stereotypes and their cognitive values, especially with regard to the field of Polish-Japanese cross-cultural communication.
EN
Inter-cultural communication is carried out through contact between various social realities and interpretation schemes. It is possible to describe this phenomenon in terms of games, by comparing the different expectations of participants towards the course of communication events. Predictability in defining a situation as well as its course and participant roles are crucial for maintaining proper communication flow. Examples of predictability and unpredictability will be reviewed in the context of intercultural communication between Poles and Japanese. They will be analyzed in terms of an extended phatic function of language.
EN
From the point of view of a culture researcher and linguist, the description of cross-cultural communication phenomena in terms of games, performed in fixed situations and according to certain rules, makes it possible to reveal the actor's objectives and methods of achieving them which apply in a certain communication environment. Both objectives and methods may essentially differ in the target communication environment, which makes the researcher's task difficult, though possible, assuming a minimal level of determination and objectivity is assured. It should not be forgotten that games may be both constructive and destructive. A game may function as a weapon, and that includes the stage of cross-cultural communication. A characteristic example of such an approach is the novel by Nothomb published in Poland under the title With Humbleness and Humility describing, allegedly 'with distance and humour', the adventures of the author during her work in the office of a Japanese company. The description of hypocritical games which the text is larded with may be instructive on account of the exceptionally condensed set of techniques serving effectively to disable cross-cultural understanding, even though the narrator who uses them overtly declares their openness, objectivity and readiness for agreement. The peculiar mix of xenophobia and orientalism of Nothomb's text uncovers numerous phenomena inevitably present in the background of cross-cultural communication, although rarely described by researchers. This paper attempts at introducing Polish readers to such phenomena.
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