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Glottodidactica
|
2013
|
vol. 40
|
issue 1
19-31
EN
-
PL
Despite everything that is said and can be read currently on the news, the global amount of learners of German has not dramatically decreased in the last three decades. As a general fact, it actually has remained constant, while in some places, especially in the last few months, it has increased significantly. Nevertheless, learning German is a changing reality, its main fluctuations depending mostly on geographical and institutional factors at the educational level. In order to keep German attractive in our multilingual society, new teaching and learning concepts must be profiled, which can make foreign language acquisition suitable to a context of modern language polyphony. In any case, to learn German pays more today than ever before.
EN
The Russian Federation is a considerably multicultural country, which also influences the school. The subjects of the study are two main areas: dealing with he nationalities issue and the language policy of the Russian Federation, namely at the level of the whole society and at the level of school education. In the summary the situation in the Russian Federation is compared to the situation in the Czech Republic and and other countries: Germany, Great Britain and Sweden.
EN
The aim of paper is to research language situation and language policy of Central Asia republics of ex-Soviet Union. First part is devoted to political, ethnical and national changes in ex-Soviet republics and to the conditions before and after 1989. Second part of the work is researching language situation in Uzbekistan, Turkmenistan, Tajikistan, Kazakhstan, and Kirgizstan and is directed to mapping of aspects of derusification and revitalization of local languages. The third part of the work is focused on analyse of language situation and language policy in Tajikistan in the context of wider social and historical connections, it is also directed to research correlation and status of Russian and Tajik languages in respective areas of public life.
EN
Article „Languages – a tool in the hands of nationalists and globalists – the current situation in Europe” is going to present the current problem that appears on the Old Continent in the area of using the case of knowledge of languages to present the political situation. In the current times nationalistic tendencies are staring to be more visible – by in example rising of popularity of conservative and right-oriented parties or growing up of nationalist movements that are using xenophobic slogans. By focusing on the procedure of applying for citizenship of one of the European Union’s country, and on the position of languages in he European Union it is possible to understand some processes that are appearing in the political area. By taking into account these tendencies it is also possible to take attention on the fact of development of position of the languages in the Europe.
PL
Obszar postradziecki zamieszkują wspólnoty posługujące się wielką liczbą języków i dialektów. Mozaika językowa regionu kształtowała się przez tysiąclecia. Częstokroć stanowiła czynnik poważnie oddziałujący na rozwój sytuacji geopolitycznej w tejże części globu. Obszar postradziecki pozostaje przestrzenią, w której kwestie językowe nadal jawią się jako wyzwanie. W sporym stopniu tradycyjne problemy uległy komplikacji w okresie regionalnej ekspansji ruszczyzny w wiekach XIX oraz XX. Aktualnie państwa regionu starają się prowadzić bardziej lub mniej autonomiczne polityki językowe, niekiedy obliczone na łagodzenie, niekiedy na zaostrzanie miejscowych konfliktów socjopolitycznych. Polityki te nierzadko okazują się instrumentem, przy pomocy którego gracze regionalni usiłują niwelować tudzież zwiększać rozdźwięki w stosunkach wzajemnych. Co więcej, rozwiązania polityczne w kwestiach językowych często służą jako argumenty w rywalizacji aksjologicznej pomiędzy wspólnotami zamieszkującymi przestrzeń byłego ZSRR. Celem tekstu jest analiza wybranych aspektów wspomnianych polityk. Stanowi on także próbę ogólnej charakterystyki ich właściwości retorycznych oraz potencjału argumentacyjnego.
EN
The post-Soviet region is inhabited by communities using a high number of languages and dialects. This linguistic mosaic has been formed for millennia. Very often it turned out to be a factor seriously influencing the development of the geopolitical situation in this part of the globe. The post-Soviet region remains a space where language issues are still challenging and very sensitive. In large measure, traditional problems became more complicated during the period of the regional expansion of the Russian language in the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Nowadays, states in the region try to create more or less autonomous language policies, sometimes calculated on relieving and sometimes on fueling socio-political conflicts. Language policies often turn out to be the instrument by which players in the region are trying to diminish or increase the gap in mutual relations. Additionally, political solutions applied to language issues often serve as a kind of argument in the axiological rivalry between communities living in the area of the former USSR. The paper aims to analyze some selected aspects of these policies. It also tries to characterize in general their rhetorical qualities and argumentative potential.
PL
CEL/TEZA: Udowodnienie tezy, że na polską politykę językową w istotny sposób wpływają instytucje kreujące politykę naukową. KONCEPCJA/METODY BADAŃ: Konfrontacja założeń polityki językowej władz polskich wyrażonej w Konstytucji RP oraz Ustawie o języku polskim z aktami prawnymi wydanymi przez instytucje odpowiedzialne za polską politykę naukową. WYNIKI I WNIOSKI: W założeniach polityki naukowej widoczny jest brak dbałości o przestrzeganie ducha Ustawy o języku polskim, choć jest ona zgodna z jej literą. Duch tej ustawy - wyrażony przede wszystkim w jej uroczystej preambule - kłóci się z nakłanianiem środowisk akademickich w Polsce do publikowania swego dorobku w językach obcych - przede wszystkim wjęzyku angielskim. ORYGINALNOŚĆ/WARTOŚĆ POZNAWCZA: Zarówno w literaturze informatologicznej, jak i językoznawczej dotychczas rzadko podejmowano problematykę kreowania polityki językowej przez instytucje odpowiedzialne za politykę naukową.
EN
PURPOSE/THESIS: The purpose of this paper is to prove the thesis that a significant influence on Polish language policy is exerted by the institutions which create academic policy. APPROACH/METHODS: The principles of official Polish language policy, as expressed in the Polish Constitution and in the Act on Polish language, are confronted with the legal Instruments produced by the institutions responsible for Polish academic policy. RESULTS AND CONCLUSIONS: The assumptions behind the academic policy show clear lack of concern for the adherence to the spirit of the Act on Polish language, even though the policy complies with the letter of the law. The spirit of that Act - expressed above all in its ceremoniał preamble - stands in contradiction to the pressure which is placed on academics in Poland to publish in foreign languages, primarily English. ORIGINALITY/VALUE: There have been few publications to date, in the literature on either Information science or linguistics, addressing the question of the influence exerted on language policy by the institutions responsible for academic policy.
EN
In contemporary Italian, just like in other languages, numerous English words are used. They are particularly frequent in the terminology of some branches of science, such as computer science, as well as in the language of young people. In this article, we discuss the issue of an appropriate policy to adopt towards these foreign lexical items. Different approaches to the problem are presented: the liberal approach, in which linguists should only describe linguistic realities rather than prescribe the “right” choices; the conscious approach, in which every speaker of Italian should reflect on his or her lexical choices; and the most radical approach, in which some official solutions are to be introduced. One of these solutions is the project of the Consiglio Superiore della Lingua Italiana, whose task would be to protect the Italian language against loanwords of English origin.
IT
Nell’italiano contemporaneo, come in altre lingue, si usano numerosi anglicismi. Essi sono particolarmente frequenti nella terminologia di alcuni rami della scienza quali l’informatica, ma anche nel linguaggio giovanile. Nell’articolo viene discussa la questione della politica adeguata da adottare verso gli elementi lessicali stranieri. Si presentano diversi approcci al problema: l’approccio liberale in cui i linguisti si limitano a descrivere la realtà linguistica invece di prescrivere soluzioni corrette, l’approccio cosciente in cui ogni parlante d’italiano riflette sulle proprie scelte lessicali e l’approccio più radicale in cui si introducono alcune soluzioni ufficiali. Una di quelle soluzioni è il progetto della fondazione del Consiglio superiore della lingua italiana il cui compito sarebbe la protezione della lingua italiana dai forestierismi di origine inglese.
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