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1
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Martwa Dydona

100%
Sapota T.
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
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2016
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vol. 26
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issue 2
5-18
EN
The text is an analysis of the story of Dido as shown in Virgil’s Aeneid. The author presents pre-Virgiliansources of the history of the Phoenician queen, recounts the three principal versions of Dido’s biography andsets the Virgil’s narration against the opinions of ancient commentators (Servius, Macrobius) and other Romanwriters reminiscing about Dido’s ill-fated past. All the testimonies bring out the uncontestable claim that it wasVirgil who first wrote about the tragic love entanglement between Aeneas and Dido, a story which rapidly gainedpopularity upon the publication of the Aeneid. The article discusses Virgil’s subversive understanding ofgender and the conventional traits of national character (Roman and barbaric, as typified in Roman literature).
2
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MARTWA DYDONA

100%
Sapota T.
Symbolae Philologorum Posnaniensium Graecae et Latinae
|
2016
|
vol. 26
|
issue 2
5-18
PL
The text is an analysis of the story of Dido as shown in Virgil’s Aeneid. The author presents pre-Virgiliansources of the history of the Phoenician queen, recounts the three principal versions of Dido’s biography andsets the Virgil’s narration against the opinions of ancient commentators (Servius, Macrobius) and other Romanwriters reminiscing about Dido’s ill-fated past. All the testimonies bring out the uncontestable claim that it wasVirgil who first wrote about the tragic love entanglement between Aeneas and Dido, a story which rapidly gainedpopularity upon the publication of the Aeneid. The article discusses Virgil’s subversive understanding ofgender and the conventional traits of national character (Roman and barbaric, as typified in Roman literature).
3
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Sufre, soporta y padece: fuentes latinas de la resignación en los refranes españoles

76%
Pascual-López X.
Studia Romanica Posnaniensia
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2016
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vol. 43
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issue 3
5-21
EN
Spanish refranero forms a sort of code whose aim is to guide and control the conduct of the members of the linguistic community that has coined these proverbs and uses them. A great part of the ideology that can be gathered from Spanish proverbs was already present in Classical culture. Therefore my overall objective is to trace the Classical precedents of Spanish proverbs. Particularly this paper aims to find in Latin language and literature formal or ideological precursors of a certain amount of Spanish proverbs concerning the stoic attitude we should take in order to confront misfortune. This attitude is based on facing with resignation what fate holds in store for us and it results in accepting pain as an essential part of human existence, promoting a conformist behavior that restrains aspirations to better conditions and makes it unlikely that the establishment will be broken.
4
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Etyczno-antropologiczne aspekty aborcji w świetle wybranych dzieł antycznej literatury Grecji i Rzymu

75%
Kołosowski T.
Seminare. Poszukiwania naukowe
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2013
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vol. 33
251-262
EN
The article presents the view of the ancient Greeks and Romans on abortion from the ethical and anthropological point of view. The author analyses selected literary works of ancient Greek and Roman authors. The analysis leads to several conclusions. In ancient Greece and Rome children were considered a divine blessing and a treasure, while sterility was regarded as a misfortune and a divine punishment, but the killing of children in their mothers’ wombs was practiced, and even born children were put to death for eugenic reasons. This view was represented by Plato and Aristotle, despite their notion that the fetus was animated as early as the mother’s womb. The Stoics who claimed that the fetus was merely a part of the mother did not see any problem with abortion at every stage of pregnancy. Thus, abortion was practiced, but it also drew condemnation from society. It was perceived as a crime deserving of divine and human punishment, as testified by the works of Aeschylus, Cicero, Ovid, and Juvenal.
5
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The Untranslatability of Silence? A Voice in the Discussion on Translation of Catullus’ “Ad Inferias” by Anne Carson

75%
Zbądzki J.
Academic Journal of Modern Philology
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2023
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issue 19
435-444
EN
Although Catullus’ relevance may appear diminished to modern audiences, his themes of intimacy and vulnerability still find echoes in newer works, notably Anne Carson’s translation of “Ad Inferias”, included in the book Nox. This analysis examines the debate about the perceived untranslatability of this poem. Catullus’ oeuvre is well known for its linguistic intricacies and explicit motifs, which often pose translation hurdles. “Ad Inferias”, a traditional elegy, seems to lack such complexities and has been frequently translated. As indicated, an existential interpretation of the verse “et mutam nequiquam alloquerer cinerem” (and that I would talk in vain to the silent ash), contextualized within Carson’s metaphysical silence concept, reframes the discussion. The article underscores the untranslatability as a primarily philosophical aspect, arising from the incommunicability of experiences centred around transcendence, death, mourning, and suffering, and presents examples of translations that maintain the emotional and thematic intensity of the piece.
6

Augustine’s Confessions as Autobiography

75%
Šubrt J.
Eirene. Studia Graeca et Latina
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2015
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vol. 51
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issue 1-2
171-185
EN
The Confessions of St. Augustine still raises doubts about its generic classification. Some scholars, ignoring the last three books, consider the whole text as an autobiography with an additional philosophical appendix. Others take this work for a philosophical treatise with a disproportionately expanded autobiographical introduction. And there are also scholars who think that the Confessions represents an autonomous genre which they label “confessions” or “confessional literature”. This article does not pretend to solve this long-standing issue; its aim is only to show that it is not necessary to challenge the classification of the Confessions as an autobiography on the basis of its particular use of facts from the author’s life, combined with the prominence of philosophical reflection in it. Augustine uses autobiographical passages and philosophical reflections in the Confessions to construct his inner self, and by trying to understand himself he also tries to understand God. The resulting construction of Augustine’s own personality thus represents a new way of understanding God and the redemptive effect of divine grace in human life. Autobiography and theology in the Confessions therefore go hand by hand, and to separate one from the other comes at the cost of misinterpreting the work as a whole.
7
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Początki łacińskiego tekstu Pisma świętego

63%
Królikowski J.
Filologia Polska. Roczniki Naukowe Uniwersytetu Zielonogórskiego
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2020
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vol. 6
17-38
EN
The history of the biblical text constitutes one of the significant threads in the history of humanity and especially in the history of the West. The Latin version of the biblical text has been particularly inscribed in history. This version, inconspicuous at the beginning, became the paramount element of the Church life and its diverse influence. The subject of this study is the reconstruction of those origins up to the times of St. Jerome, whose life and contribution were permanently inscribed in the history of the Latin text of the Bible. In particular, we endeavour to display what literary and theological criteria were applied while creating Bible’s text in Latin and what their meaning was. Concurrently, we try to emphasise the contribution of certain theorists who actively participated in this theological and cultural process.
PL
Dzieje tekstu biblijnego stanowią jeden z ważnych wątków w dziejach kultury ludzkiej, a zwłaszcza kultury zachodniej. W szczególny sposób w te dzieje wpisała się wersja łacińska tekstu biblijnego, który, wychodząc od skromnych początków, stał się kluczowym elementem życia Kościoła i jego wielorakiego oddziaływania. Rekonstrukcja tych początków do czasów św. Hieronima, którego postać i dzieło na trwałe wpisały się w dzieje łacińskiego tekstu Biblii, stanowi przedmiot niniejszego opracowania. W szczególny sposób staramy się uchwycić, jakimi kryteriami literackimi i teologicznymi kierowano się przy opracowywaniu tekstu biblijnego w wersji łacińskiej i jakie było ich znaczenie. Zostaje podkreślony zwłaszcza wkład niektórych teoretyków, którzy w tym procesie teologicznym i kulturowym aktywnie uczestniczyli.
8
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Świętość w czasach podbojów islamskich. Męczennicy chrześcijańscy z Gazy z VII wieku

63%
Paczkowski M. C.
Vox Patrum
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2016
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vol. 65
497-521
EN
The article focuses the story of the martyrdom of 60 Christian soldiers in Gaza who were executed for their refusal to convert to Islam during the Muslim inva­sion of Palestine. It is a final episode of varied Christian history of that region. Christian history of Gaza appears as complex and fascinating. In this region in the 4th century paganism was still strong but the monastic life developed in the vicinity of Gaza. Literary sources annotated the anti-Chalcedonian resistance of monastic circles in the wake of the council of Chalcedon. Christian history of the Gaza region ended dramatically with the Arab conquest in the 7th century. Just at that time a group of Christian soldiers refused the offer of the commander of the winners Muslims. The narrative of their martyrdom was preserved in a Latin translation of a Greek original. According to the text of the Passio, the Christian soldiers were executed in two groups: at Jerusalem and at Eleutheropolis. Bi­shop Sophronius of Jerusalem intervened in favor of these Martyrs and comforted them. He also gained the palm of martyrdom. The Passio in two different Latin recensions reveals a relatively neglected aspect in the history of the Holy Land during the period of heightened religious tension.
9
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Koncept humanismu v marxisticky formované paleobohemistice (1956-1996)

32%
Voit P.
Česká literatura (Czech Literature)
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2018
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vol. 66
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issue 6
777-812
EN
This article presents a retrospective view of the activities of six scholars (Josef Hrabák, Jaroslav Kolár, Milan Kopecký, Eduard Petrů, Emil Pražák and Zdeňka Tichá), who between 1956 and 1996 took an interest in the Renaissance and Humanism in the Czech lands. It might appear that the Marxist ideology of the time must inevitably have distorted the researchers’ professionalism to varying degrees, but this article convincingly proves that this was not entirely unavoidable at least for an interpretation of the period between Hussitism and the Battle of the White Mountain, as in 1956, thanks to Hrabák’s “programme”, this research orientation acquired a strong focus on Josef Dobrovský, and thus on a patriotic assessment of the meaning of Czech history, as had been required by the First Republic. Because postwar Communist doctine paradoxically intersected the same milestones as Masaryk’s nation-building programme, based on the ethos of Hus, Palacký and Havlíček, none of the six scholars under review needed to resort to the political vocabulary that was characteristic of the latter half of the 20th century. Marxist ideology required the emphasis to be at best on progressive trends and the people, the latter term being understood ad hoc to mean both the townspeople and the rural population. On the other hand, the religious question was brought down to just the anti-Habsburg and anti-Rome sentiments of the Unity of Brethren, so that politically deferential research into the 16th century must have missed the most valuable aspects, i.e. the reconceptualization of the inherited canon, whereby the patriotic (i.e. the sole correct) interpretation of literary development was enhanced by dual Catholic-Utraquist and all non-conformist literature. The actual term humanism was overused as need required but without a strict definition, implying identification with humanity in the modern sense of the word. Curiously, this interpretational vagueness then allowed the term humanism to be confused with the Renaissance (and vice versa), thus covering the entire period between Hussitism and the White Mountain within these categories. This sleight of hand was based on a Marxist interpretation of Hussitism, which beyond the obvious positive aspects did not allow for an examination of the negative effects of this revolutionary movement on the subsequent development of bourgeois society (in particular). Hence what was known as the first, Hussite Reformation was declared to be the primary basis for the Renaissance and Humanism in the Czech lands. From the 1980s Eduard Petrů devoted himself to an alternative conception of Humanism. Its alternative and seemingly apolitical nature stemmed from the fact that this conception was not associated with the politically topical interpretation of Hussitism, but then in contrast the Humanism of the Czech lands was enthusiastically found to include a seemingly special feature known as the information explosion. Basically, however, this was a final stage of Humanism for popular consumption (involving its diffusion and imitation), strongly influenced by the printers’ economic standpoint, and inevitably responding to human knowledge and development in all 16th century European literatures.
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