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DEMOCRACY IN CRISIS

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EN
This paper takes a look at the current state of Western democracy and the crises looming within it. Financialization of the democratic system, evident in the far-reaching influence of well-funded interest groups; emergence of the new media platforms that can sway public opinion almost instantly; the growing influence of digital technology giants due to the vast amount of user data that they possess; the overall influence of the Internet as an abstract entity; the failure of the education system unable to cope with modern day challenges – these are some of the factors that have significantly eroded the Western democracies for the past several decades. The text uses both discourse and content analysis in a complementary way. It is the author’s opinion that the factors listed in this paper indicate that Western democratic regimes are likely to transform into some forms of oligarchy, authoritarianism or, most worryingly, ultra-modern manifestations of totalitarianism aided by the array of modern technologies and methods of mass legitimization.
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87%
EN
The paper is an attempt to reconstruct the notion of multitude which appears in the work of Antonio Negri, Michael Hardt and Paolo Virno. Multitude refers to the emergence of a new social subject, substantially different from the known historical formulations (nation, people, class). The notion is analyzed both in the context of the classical political philosophy and the changes in the modes of production occuring in the western societies - transition from the material to immaterial labor, which consists of producing relations between social singularities. The genealogical perspective will be therefore supplemented by the analysis of the biopolitical constituion of the multitude and both perspectives will show the exigency to deconstruct numerous notions of the traditional philosophy.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł jest próbą rekonstrukcji pojęcia wielości, które przewija się przez prace Antonia Negriego, Michaela Hardta oraz Paolo Virno. Pojęcie to odnosi się do wyłonienia się nowego społecznego podmiotu, istotnie różnego od znanych historycznych sformułowań (narodu, ludu, klasy). Zostało ono zanalizowane zarówno w kontekście klasycznej filozofii politycznej, jak również zmian sposobów produkcji zachodzących w społeczeństwach Zachodu – przejścia od pracy materialnej do niematerialnej, na którą składa się wytwarzanie relacji między społecznymi poedynczościami. Perspektywa genealogiczna została uzupełniona przez analizę biopolitycznej konstytucji wielości, obie zaś ukażą naglącą potrzebę zdeonstruowania licznych pojęć tradycyjnej filozofii.
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