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PL
Artykuł poświęcony został Powiatowemu Centrum Zarządzania Kryzysowego dla miasta Legnicy, tj. zakresowi jego działań, organizacji, kompetencjom i usytuowaniu w strukturze systemu zarządzania kryzysowego w mieście. Zaprezentowano sylwetkę miasta, m.in. położenie, klimat, strukturę ludności, infrastrukturę miejską i największe zakłady pracy, a także potencjalne niebezpieczeństwa, jakie mogą mu zagrażać. Omówiono również podstawowe pojęcia z zakresu zarządzania kryzysowego i jego organizacji w Polsce. Wskazano struktury i podmioty właściwe w zakresie zarządzania, ich zadania i zasady działania.
EN
The focus of this article is on the Crisis Management Center for the city of Legnica, i.e. the range of its activities, organisation, competence and location in the structure of the crisis management system in the city. The author also describes the most common features of the city, such as its location, climate, population structure, urban infrastructure and major employers as well as some potential dangers that it faces.
EN
The Franciscan monastery in Legnica, built at the beginning of the 18th century, is one of the least known historical monuments of Silesian architecture. The author describes the history of the object and discusses the heretofore unsuccessful attemps at its revalorization.
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PL
Artykuł poświęcony został wyborom samorządowym w Legnicy w 2014 r., przedstawionym w kontekście bezpośredniej elekcji prezydenta miasta. Zaprezentowano sylwetki kandydatów na urząd, ich komitety i programy wyborcze, a także dokonano analizy przyjętych strategii. Omówiono postępującą profesjonalizację lokalnej kampanii wyborczej na przestrzeni ostatnich lat, czego odzwierciedleniem było m.in. zastosowanie nowoczesnych narzędzi i technik marketingowych przez większość z kandydatów. Przedstawiono wyniki głosowania oraz wskazano możliwe determinanty uzyskanych ocen przez pretendentów do urzędu
EN
The focus of this article is on the local elections in Legnica in 2014 shown in the context of direct voting for the mayor. It presents the candidates for the office, their committees and programs, as well as analysing the strategies adopted by them. The article describes the process of progressive professionalization of election campaigns in recent years, which manifests itself in the use of modern tools and marketing techniques by most candidates. The voting results are presented and their potential determinants are discussed.
PL
Niniejszy artykuł prezentuje zagadnienie laicyzacji szkolnictwa średniego w Legnicy w latach 1945 –1956. Problem laicyzacji szkolnictwa wszystkich szczebli był konsekwencją realizacji założeń polityki oświatowej w nowych realiach ustrojowych powojennej Polski. Ponieważ przeobrażenia, które miały miejsce w Polsce w październiku 1956 r. zasadniczo wpłynęły na sposób laicyzowania młodego pokolenia, ramy czasowe opracowania obejmują okres 1945 –1956. Zagadnienie laicyzacji legnickiego szkolnictwa średniego zostało ukazane na tle polityki wyznaniowej i oświatowej realizowanej w tym czasie przez władze komunistyczne w Polsce. Dostępna dokumentacja źródłowa obrazująca realizację tego procesu w Legnicy w latach 1945 –1956 jest stosunkowo skromna. Podstawą niniejszego opracowania są przede wszystkim materiały zgromadzone w Oddziale Instytutu Pamięci Narodowej we Wrocławiu, Archiwum Państwowym we Wrocławiu i jego Oddziale w Legnicy oraz Archiwum Archidiecezji Wrocławskiej, a także wspomnienia ówczesnych legnickich uczniów.
EN
This paper presents the problem of secularisation of the secondary education system in Legnica between 1945 and 1956. It was a consequence of the implementation of the educational policy in the new reality of post-war Poland. Since the transformation introduced in Poland in October, 1956 mostly influenced the secularisation of the young generation, the temporal framework of this paper includes the period between 1945 and 1956. The secularisation of the secondary education system in Legnica constituted a phenomenon which resulted from the implementation of religious and educational policies at the time. Accessible source materials illustrating this process in Legnica between 1945 and 1956 are relatively scarce. This study is mainly based on the materials obtained from the Wrocław branch of The National Institute of Remembrance, State Archives in Wrocław and their Legnica branch, Wrocław Archdiocese Archives as well as accounts of former pupils.
PL
Artykuł został poświęcony największej powodzi w historii powojennej Legnicy, mającej miejsce w pierwszych dniach sierpnia 1977 r., a będącej następstwem ulewnych deszczy w górnym biegu rzek dorzecza Kaczawy. 2 sierpnia woda przelała się przez wały przeciwpowodziowe i zatopiła obszar miasta zamieszkały przez ok. 30 tysięcy osób, z 70 ulicami i 950 budynkami. Nie działała elektryczność i telefony, ograniczony zasięg miała komunikacja miejska, a podstawowe towary spożywcze były dostarczane mieszkańcom przy pomocy pływającego sprzętu wojskowego. Omówiono przebieg akcji przeciwpowodziowej, wskazano podmioty odpowiedzialne za walkę z żywiołem w Legnicy i wykazano podjęte działania mające na celu doraźne usunięcie powstałych szkód. Ponadto przedstawiono założenia długoterminowego planu ochrony Legnicy i województwa legnickiego przed zagrożeniem powodziowym, a także zweryfikowano wykonane prace zabezpieczające względem projektowanych
EN
The focus of this article is on the biggest flood in Legnica after the II World War. It occurred during the first few days of August, caused by huge amounts of rainfall accumulating in the Kaczawa river basin. On August the 2nd, the river overflowed and flooded an area with 70 streets and 950 buildings, inhabited by thirty thousand citizens. There was a temporary power and telephone service cut. Public transport was limited and the armed forces were called upon to deliver basic food supplies. This article also describes the course of flood control action, identifies the services responsible for fighting against the elements and ad hoc actions undertaken to limit the arising damages. Moreover, the proposal of a long-term protection plan against flooding for Legnica and the surrounding province were shown and their results were verified
EN
The District Department of Security in Legnica was formed in May 1945. The structures of the unit were created as part of the so-called Operational Groups for the Lower Silesia region. For eleven years, from May 1945 to 1956, the Department of Security in Legnica was headed by nine functionaries. Their personal files show that they did not possess adequate competences to run affairs or manage people. They were poorly educated people. They often committed various misdemeanours or crimes. However, this did not bother their superiors and despite these shortcomings they decided to promote them to higher and more responsible positions in security service.
PL
Powiatowy Urząd Bezpieczeństwa Publicznego w Legnicy został sformowany w maju 1945 r. Struktury urzędu powstały w ramach tzw. Grup Operacyjnych na okręg Dolnego Śląska. Przez 11 lat, od maja 1945 r. do 1956 r., kierownikami/szefami PUBP (PUds.BP) w Legnicy było dziewięciu funkcjonariuszy. Z ich akt personach wynika, że nie posiadali odpowiednich kompetencji do prowadzenia spraw czy zarządzania ludźmi. Byli ludźmi słabo wykształconymi. Często dopuszczali się różnego rodzaju wykroczeń czy przestępstw. Nie przeszkadzało to jednak przełożonym, którzy pomimo tych wad decydowali się na awansowanie ich na wyższe i bardziej odpowiedzialne stanowiska służbowe.
EN
The article present the town of Legnica and little-known events that took place in July 1945, when the town became the seat of the Staff and a garrison of tens of thousands troops of the Norther Group of Forces of the Soviet Army. The events were preceded by the displacement of the Polish local population from the central part of the town to the other side of the Kaczawa (German: Katzbach) River, which was to facilitate the Soviet military command to “adapt” the town to the needs of the Red Army. A decision about the resettlement was taken unexpectedly, and its course was chaotic and harsh. It included both civilian inhabitants, and members of the town and province authorities.
PL
Artykuł przedstawia Legnicę i dosyć słabo znane zdarzenia mające tam miejsce w lipcu 1945 r., kiedy miasto stało się siedzibą sztabu i kilkudziesięciotysięcznego garnizonu Północnej Grupy Wojsk Armii Radzieckiej. Wydarzenia te poprzedziło wysiedlenie ludności polskiej z centralnej części miasta za rzekę Kaczawę, co w domyśle miało ułatwić radzieckiemu dowództwu odpowiednie „przystosowanie” miasta do potrzeb armii „Wielkiego Brata”. Decyzja o wysiedleniu została podjęta nagle, a sam jego proces przebiegał w sposób bezpardonowy i chaotyczny. Dotyczyło ono zarówno ludności cywilnej, jak i władz administracyjnych miasta i województwa.
EN
In the second half of the 16th and at the beginning of the 17th century the biggest growth of sgraffito occured, aparat from Italy, in Silesia, Moravia and in Czechoslovakia. Adornments found in the Scholz House, 35 Rosenbergs Street in Legnica, make a good example of sgraffito. On the basis of investigations carried out it was stated that the adornments were preserved in a good state under plasters. It muJst be stressed that the rebuilding of the tenement house was not being carried out in accordance with restoration rules (e.g. the façade of the house was destroyed when the shop was being arranged at the ground floor). After completing the job of rebuilding, the restorers started the works associated with the uncovering of sgraffito. Plaster was being removed with hammers and scalpels while the sgraffito was protected with special bands of lime-sand mortar with addition of asbestos. Cracks and bubbles were eliminated with lime-casein injections. Places in which sgraffito mortar crushed were hardened with casein milk with addition of lime and phenol. Wlhen the adornments were uncovered, reconstruction of engobe and eompleitly destroyed drawings began. The author of this report is of the opinion that in spite of all the modern methods applied a number of mistakes were made. For instance some figurai representations underwent deformation. The Music Allegory, originally in a trailing dress, is now wearing tight-fitting trousers. The restorers must have missed the fold at the bottom of the dress and exposed the outline of legs. The author proves that the restorers did not get fully acquainted with the findings of laboratory experiments, which caused the removal of the fold at the bottom of the dress and exposed the Moreover, their knowledge of plaster tinting technology as applied to Silesian sgraffito was scanty. As no measures were undertaken in order to streighten the 17th century plasters, the author is of the opinion that the adornments will need restoration again in 10 or 15 years.
PL
This article deals with the controversy surrounding the celebration of the 20th anniversary of the withdrawal of the (post)Soviet troops from Legnica – the former garrison town of the Northern Group of Soviet Army. The author presents the concepts of commemorating the jubilee by municipal authorities and socio-cultural institutions, as well as particular events organized in the anniversary year, and the overall picture the celebrations created. Furthermore the media and social reactions to this particular shape of the jubilee year are analyzed with a particular focus on the intense debate on the socio-cultural project “20 Years After...” organized by the Helena Modrzejewska Theatre in Legnica. This example serves to illustrate the mechanisms of official memory and counter-memory.
EN
The author presents an educational institution with the German language teaching in Legnica. He describes in detail its history and the role played in education of the German minority in Lower Silesia.
EN
The major goal of this paper is characterising German education in Legnica in relation to the education of this minority after WWII. Before the second half of the 1950s, Lower Silesia was home to the biggest German diaspora in Poland while Legnica was a significant location on the map of German settlement. In addition, it hosted one of the largest schools with German language; along with a similar institution in Wrocław, it was one of two oldest institutions of this type in Poland. The first part of this paper analyses the social and political situation of the German population in Poland after WWII. The second part describes the characteristics of the diaspora’s education, and the third part discusses the education of the German population in post-war Legnica.
EN
When the war activities came to a close, first Jews started to come into town, mainly the former prisoners from Gross-Rosen concentration camp, and then the displaced rescued in the territory of the Soviet Union. The newcomers soon opened their own educational facilities and in the school year 1946/1947 in Legnica there were: a kindergarten, a foster house, a heder, a primary school with Hebrew as the language of lecture, a kibbutz and a Hebrew primary school. The educational pluralism did not last long because from the school year 1950/1951 there remained just one state-controlled Jewish school (the other facilities had been closed). The kindergarten was the only exception and although it received the status of a public institution it preserved Jewish character until mid-50s. The subsequent years brought significant fluctuation of teachers and students as many of them left Poland in the first half of the 1950s, whereas from 1956 more newcomers arrived from the USSR. On September 1, 1959 a high-school class was launched in the local primary school. In the 1960s the emigration of Jews from Legnica increased significantly, which resulted in smaller number of students. A breakthrough year was 1968, when, because of too small number of children (38 in total), on August 31 the Jewish high-school and primary school ceased to exist.
PL
 Education in post-war Legnica (1945–1968) When the war activities came to a close, first Jews started to come into town, mainly the former prisoners from Gross-Rosen concentration camp, and then the displaced rescued in the territory of the Soviet Union. The newcomers soon opened their own educational facilities and in the school year 1946/1947 in Legnica there were: a kindergarten, a foster house, a heder, a primary school with Hebrew as the language of lecture, a kibbutz and a Hebrew primary school. The educational pluralism did not last long because from the school year 1950/1951 there remained just one state-controlled Jewish school (the other facilities had been closed). The kindergarten was the only exception and although it received the status of a public institution it preserved Jewish character until mid-50s. The subsequent years brought significant fluctuation of teachers and students as many of them left Poland in the first half of the 1950s, whereas from 1956 more newcomers arrived from the USSR. On September 1, 1959 a high-school class was launched in the local primary school. In the 1960s the emigration of Jews from Legnica increased significantly, which resulted in smaller number of students. A breakthrough year was 1968, when, because of too small number of children (38 in total), on August 31 the Jewish high-school and primary school ceased to exist
PL
Niniejszy tekst prezentuje okoliczności powstania i funkcjonowanie Państwowego Gimnazjum i Liceum dla Dorosłych przy Korpusie Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego w Legnicy. Szkoła ta istniała w Legnicy w latach 1946 –1963 i była ściśle powiązana z działalnością Korpusu Bezpieczeństwa Wewnętrznego w Legnicy. Niestety, ze względu na bardzo niewielką obecnie ilość dostępnych materiałów źródłowych możliwe było przybliżenie tylko pewnych epizodów z jej dziejów. Nie ulega wątpliwości, iż odegrała ona znaczącą rolę w kształceniu kadr oficerskich angażujących się w okresie powojennym w działania, których celem było wcielanie w życie społeczno-politycznych koncepcji reżimu komunistycznego.
EN
This paper presents the circumstances of the foundation and functioning of State Secondary School and High School for Adult Learners at Legnica Internal Security Corps. The aforementioned educational institution operated in Legnica between 1946 and 1963 and it had close links with Legnica Internal Security Corps. Unfortunately, nowadays, it is only possible to describe selected events in its history with regard to the lack of sufficient resource materials to rely on. Beyond doubt, the institution played a major role in the formation of officer corps, engaging into activities aimed at implementing the social and political concepts of the communist regime in Poland in the post-war era.
PL
Nierozerwalnie związana z Legnicą i jego mieszkańcami historia legnickich Romów (Cyganów) rozpoczęła się już w pierwszych latach po zakończeniu II wojny światowej. Mieszkali (i mieszkają nadal) obok polskich sąsiadów, ale w sposób istotny odróżniali się od nich swoim językiem, historią i obyczajami, tworząc hermetyczną społeczność. Przez wszystkie lata bytności w Legnicy byli grupą szczególnie narażoną na wykluczenie społeczne, co uwidoczniło się zwłaszcza po 1989 r., tj. w chwili rozpoczęcia transformacji ustrojowej w Polsce. Od początku pierwszej dekady XXI wieku adresowano do Romów szereg działań pomocowych dążących do poprawy warunków ich egzystencji, a także umożliwiających rozwój osobisty i partycypację w życiu miasta. Centrum Dokumentacji Romskiej działające w ramach Legnickiej Biblioteki Publicznej podejmuje od 2007 r. szereg inicjatyw o charakterze edukacyjnym, informacyjnym i kulturalnym, mających za cel integrację społeczności romskiej z polskimi mieszkańcami i upowszechnienie wśród nich pozbawionej negatywnych stereotypów wiedzy na temat cygańskich sąsiadów.
EN
The history of the Legnica Roms goes back to the period after World War II, when they arrived in the city, and it is inseparably connected with it and its inhabitants. They have lived next door to their Polish neighbors, but in a significant way they have distinguished themselves from the Poles with their language, history and customs, creating a hermetic community. During all the years of their stay in Legnica, they were a group that was particularly vulnerable to social exclusion, which was especially visible after 1989, the beginning of the political transformation in Poland. From the beginning of the first decade of the 21st century, a number of aid activities aimed at providing them with better existential conditions, but also developmental ones enabling participation in the city's life, have been conducted with the Roms in mind. The Romany Documentation Center operating within the framework of the Legnica Public Library has been undertaking a number of initiatives of educational, informative and cultural nature since 2007, aimed at integrating the Romany community with the Polish residents and disseminating among the latter knowledge free of negative stereotypes about the Gypsy neighbors
Ochrona Zabytków
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1996
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issue 3
313-323
EN
The most distinctive sgraffito decoration in Poland is found on the elevation of a house known as „Under the Quail Nest” in Legnica. The sgraffito in question was added into the elevation when the building was repaired in about the middle of the 16th century. The present-day state of the sgraffito is the outcome of three various conservation undertalkings, which means that we deal with four chronological layers: the original sgraffito from the middle of the 16th century, the supplementation from 1909, the year of restoration, new fragments made in 1971 during conservation and restoration, and, finally, supplementation carried out in 1993 in the course of the last conservation and restoration. At the end of the 18 th century or at the beginning of the 19th century the sgraffito decoration was covered by plaster and remained invisible and unknown for about hundred years. Conservation conducted at the beginning of our century recreated considerable parts of the most damaged sgraffito according to the then prevailing opinions i.e. by resorting to drawings — tracings of the pertinent fragments. The conservation performed in 1993 entailed cleaning the surface of the sgraffito, the liquidation of damaged joints and the supplementation of gaps. New bindings were applied after the completion of the work. The last operation involved infusing the whole surface with a hydrophobic substance. The stabilization of the sgraffito mortar was carried out by means of the injection method. In several spots the damaged joints were eliminated by applying the stucco technique used for transferring murals. As a rule, conservation was dictated by the unsatisfactory preservation of an object which, however, can be insufficiently legible. This was the case of the corner bay of the house in Legnica, whose actual condition became obvious after cleaning and the removal of loosened putties. This procedure disclosed the considerable threat to the construction. It now became necessary to take the bay apart, to conduct appropriate construction work and then to put the bay together again. The first of the three procedures entailed the transference of the sgraffito. This operation had to take into consideration the inclination of the sgraffito and the retention of the plastic qualities of the surface. The face was secured and the brick foundation was taken apart. After the completion of the construction, the sgraffito was replaced and the facing removed. The whole operation of the transference and the replacement of the sgraffito did not cause additional damage. Following conservation, the bay regained its earlier lightness and became an element which considerably enhanced the decorative merits of the house. The conservation of the sgraffito and masonry of the „Under the Quail Nest” house required the employment of numerous conservation techniques as well as technical and organizational solutions. Their realization was based on earlier conservation documents — written, photographic and published.
EN
The paper concerns the circumstances of the establishment of the Museum of the Battle of Legnica in the village of Legnickie Pole in Lower Silesia. The most important figures who contributed to organizing the the museum and its subsequent functioning are discussed. Furthermore, the article is an attempt to depict the museum in a broader context of the tradition of commemorating the Battle of Legnica in non-museum forms – such tradition was rarely taken into consideration so far. The museum, opened in 1961, should be regarded not only as an institution popularizing the knowledge about a historical event or as a manifestation of vitality of cultural memory, shaped through the ages – it was also an element of historical narrative of the Polish People’s Republic (PRL) period.
EN
The Orthodox parish in Legnica was founded, despite many difficulties and the opposition of the authorities, after the displacement of Ukrainian and Carpatho-Russian population of the south-eastern part of Poland to Lower Silesia. The Orthodox celebrated their services in the vestry of the local Evangelical church (in Jawor another parish was formed, later on ransformed into a branch of the Legnica parish), baptisms, weddings and funerals were celebrated, in 1965 they started teaching religion in the parish. Though the orthodox community of Legnica was multinational, it’s the Carpatho-Russians who wanted to have their language taught in school and used as the liturgical language and in the parish life. They appealed to their local bishop, to the metropolitan, finally to the state authorities. For some time the Carpatho-Russians went to local Catholic church for services and for lessons of religion, intending to force the Church authorities to assign the Ruthenian-speaking priest, allow the services in their language. Still all the solutions led to some kind of losses in the local orthodox community. Fortunately the problem observed in the 1970s-1980s in Legnica was exceptional in the whole country since generally the Polish Church authorities did not favour the Ukrainian or Carpatho-Russian national tendencies.
PL
Funkcjonariusze Milicji Obywatelskiej od samego początku istnienia tej instytucji byli poddawani szeroko zakrojonej i intensywnej akcji indoktrynacji komunistycznej. Miała ona na celu odpowiednie ukierunkowanie poglądów politycznych poszczególnych członków tej formacji policyjnej. Zadaniem tym miał się zająć specjalnie do tego powołany korpus ofi cerów ds. polityczno-wychowawczych, którzy wedle założeń mieli pracować w każdej jednostce milicji w kraju. Problemy kadrowe MO w pierwszych latach jej funkcjonowania sprawiły, że selekcja kandydatów Keywords: Citizens’ Militia, Legnica, Poland 1945–1948, PRL, indoctrination, propaganda, communism Summary: From the very beginning of Citizen’s Militia its offi cials were subjected to wide range of strong communist indoctrination. Its main purpose was to channel political views of Militia members. That task was designed for special constituted corps of politicopedagogical offi cers who, according to postulates, were supposed to work in every Militia entity in the country. Understaffi ng of Citizens’ Militia in the fi rst years of its working caused, that the selection of candidates was less rigorous than in the subsequent years. Political work had to start from scratch and Nr 1(121) Indoktrynacja polityczna funkcjonariuszy Milicji Obywatelskiej… 143 pod kątem przekonań politycznych była o wiele mniej rygorystyczna, niż miało to miejsce w latach późniejszych. Praca polityczna musiała być rozpoczynana praktycznie od zera, a rola ofi cerów ds. polityczno-wychowawczych nabierała jeszcze większego znaczenia. Musieli oni odpowiednio „przeszkolić” swoich podopiecznych. Jednakże katastrofalne warunki funkcjonowania pierwszych jednostek MO (braki kadrowe, sprzętowe, liche umundurowanie, słaba aprowizacja, dziurawe fi nanse itd.) sprawiły, że działalność ofi cerów ds. polityczno- -wychowawczych była wybitnie utrudniona oraz z nadmiaru innych obowiązków wyraźnie zaniedbana
EN
The article analyses the situation of creating new theatres in the Polish People’s Republic in the 1970s in the context of the changes in the cultural policy and the administrative reform. The author juxtaposes theatres in Elbląg, Legnica, Płock, Radom and Słupsk. He shows a confluence of multifarious problems that determined the launch of theatres and analyses the first years of operation, taking into account the issues of audience and educational activities.
EN
The work Ab urbe condita by Roman historian Titus Livius originally consisted of 142 books, of which 35 survived until today. Beginning in the Renaissance period, humanists and ancient historians persisted in attempts to find the lost books; once in a while, news of actual or alleged discoveries appeared. Author of the article presents the alleged discovery of Livius codex by historian Hermann Kraffert in 1870 in Legnica, compared with the manuscript tradition of this work. Publicity surrounding the aforementioned “discovery” appeared in press around the world; in the article, that media attention presented on the example of British press.
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