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HR
Glavni je cilj ovoga rada opisati i analizirati oblike i funkcije odsutnosti (praznina) u lancima označitelja u izabranim proznim tekstovima 19. stoljeća. Teorijski pristup oslanja se na teoriju recepcije, bazira se na idejama Ingardena i Isera, ali ponajprije na tipologiji praznina u značenjskim sustavima koju je izradio Wolf (2005). Odsutnosti su u ovome radu definirane kao namjerne, bitne praznine u lancu tipičnih (očekivanih) označitelja, drugim riječima, diskurzivne su, a ne dio fabule. Stoga one tvore dio procesa pisanja podrazumijevanoga autora i podupiru primarni ili sekundarni smisao teksta. U 19. stoljeću neki se autori, uživajući u eksperimentalnoj prirodi svojih tekstova, koriste prazninama kao metafikcionalnim sredstvom upućivanja na mnoštvo različitih tema, ali i kao tehnikom mimeze psiholoških stanja. Romani Lewisa Carrolla o djevojčici Alici pružaju neke vrlo važne primjere uporabe praznina koji dodaju vizualnu dimenziju pisanomu tekstu čime povećavaju svoju multimodalnu vrijednost.
EN
The main aim of the present paper is to describe and analyse forms and functions of absences (or ‘blanks’) in chains of signifiers in nineteenth-century English literature, particularly prose fiction. The theoretical framework is built on the theory of reception: the writings of Ingarden and Iser, but primarily the typology of blanks in signifying systems drawn up by Wolf (2005). In this paper, absences are defined as intentional, salient gaps in chains of typical (expected) signifiers (i.e. as a discursive feature rather than one occurring on the story level); they are thus conceived of as part of the implied author’s writing process and support for the primary or secondary theme(s) and meaning of a text. Relishing the experimental nature of their texts, some nineteenth-century authors used blanks as a metafictional tool for describing various topics, as well as a technique mimetic of psychological processes. Lewis Carroll’s Alice novels provide relevant examples of using blanks to add a visual dimension to the written text, thus enhancing their multimodal quality.
DE
Im Beitrag werden die Formen und Funktionen der Absenzen bzw. der Leerstellen in Signifikantenketten in einigen Prosatexten aus dem 19. Jahrhundert beschrieben und analysiert. Den theoretischen Hintergrund des Beitrags bildet die aus Ingardens und Isers Ideen entwickelte Rezeptionstheorie, vor allem aber die Typologie der Leerstellen in Bedeutungssystemen, wie sie Wolf (2005) erarbeitete. Die Abwesenheiten werden hier als absichtliche, wesentliche Leerstellen innerhalb der Kette von typischen (zu erwartenden) Signifikanten definiert, was zu bedeuten hat, dass ihr Ursprung diskursiver Natur ist, bzw. diese kein Teil der Fabel sind. Deshalb erscheinen sie als ein Teil des Schreibprozesses des impliziten Autors, wodurch sie den primären oder sekundären Sinn des Textes unterstützen. Im 19. Jahrhundert verwenden einige Autoren, indem sie an der experimentellen Natur ihrer Texte Genuss finden, die Leerstellen nicht nur als metafiktionale Hinweismittel auf zahlreiche unterschiedliche Themen, sondern auch als Mittel der Nachahmung von psychischen Zuständen. Die Romane von Lewis Carroll über das Mädchen Alice liefern wichtige Beispiele zur Verwendung von Leerstellen, in denen dem geschriebenen Text eine visuelle Dimension hinzugefügt wird, was zuletzt zur Vermehrung seines multimodalen Wertes beiträgt.
EN
Heinz Piontek and Christa Wolf before the turnaround. A comparative study. The article is a comparative study. The aims of the study is to analyze the essays written by Heinz Piontek and Christa Wolf before the turnaround, mainly in the 1970’, and to discuss the similarities and differences between them. We can notice some points of contact in their literary work. Similar motives in similar constellations appear in both essays writing. Although they worked in different regimes, the same themes and literary tendencies are described by both of them, and some phenomenons are being similar assessed.
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