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EN
The present article regards the specificity of the realization of the Polish theme in N. Leskov’s prose. This element of the Russian writer’s artistic world is represented in his writing of the 1860s-1880s. N. Leskov had a personal experience of Poland which he visited at the beginning of the 1860s. Most vividly Polish thematics is represented in the novel Nowhere (1864), as well as in the stories and articles of his last years: Russian Democrat in Poland (1880), Interesting Men (1885), etc.The realization of the Polish motif in N. Leskov’s prose is, on the one hand, traditional for Russian literature, depicting international phenomena and topos of different cultures as „other” which are seldom perceived as foreign and hostile. The individuality of N. Leskov is manifested in the fact that his version of depicting Poland and Polish is opposed to the official state imperial position according to which Poland was regarded as a permanent source of danger. This stereotype is destroyed in N. Leskov’s prose.
EN
In this article the problem of the concept ‘‘old age” in the chronicle is considered. Having been one of the constants of the world culture, the concept ‘‘old age” is related to the empirical or posterior concepts. In fiction literature and art it receives some varied expression, dictated by the peculiarities of ahistorical epoch and its cultural traditions. From this point of view, acertain interest is given by the interpretation of old age as the period of the crisis of the age of personality identification in the chronicles The Zahudaly Rod by N.S. Leskov. In the last conceptually important chapter, which is appeared as the result of the influence of the novel The Contess Cosel by Krashevsky, the main structural element is the comparison of two old women characters, Princess Barbara Protozanov and Contess Cosel. Their premature social death is caused by their attempt to build their everyday life accordingly with their religious consciousness and realizing of their moral values.
PL
W artykule rozpatrywany jest problem koncepcji „starości” w powieściach Leskowa Podupadły ród (1873) i Kraszewskiego Hrabina Cosel (1874). Koncepcja „starości” związana jest z pojęciami empirycznymi i aposteriorycznymi. W sztuce iliteraturze pięknej jest wyrażona w różnych formach, uwarunkowanych charakterem epoki historycznej, jej tradycjami kulturowymi i filozoficzno-religijnymi podstawami bytu. Z tego punktu widzenia interesująca okazuje się interpretacja starości jako okresu związanego z wiekiem kryzysu identyfikacji jednostki, zawarta w Podupadłym rodzie. Ideowo ważny ostatni rozdział powieści powstał pod wpływem książki J. Kraszewskiego Hrabina Cosel, a głównym elementem jego struktury jest porównanie dwóch postaci starszych kobiet — księżnej Warwary Protozanowej i hrabiny Cosel. W przypadku obu bohaterek próba życia zgodnie z zasadami religii i wyznawanymi wartościami kończy się przedwczesną społeczną śmiercią.
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