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EN
Around one hundred letters written by Stanisław Dunin Borkowski between 1833-1840 addressed from Vienna to Winniczki near Lviv, maintained in the collection of the Ossolineum in Wrocław, present a portrait of a nobleman – a dilettante with a wide spectrum of interests in culture, spending enormous amounts of money in order to ensure himself a proper position at the Austrian court. It is the emperor’s chamberlain connections with the “enlightened” Europe that made him abolish serfdom in his estate in 1818. As he himself spent most of his time in Vienna, in 1833 he commissioned the management of his estate to his nephew Aleksander (Leszek Dunin Borkowski) – the future author of the renown 'Parafiańszczyzna'. Most of the letters consist of excuses such as: “Maybe there will be a need to head to the baths or maybe stay here for one more month. […] Maybe I will greet you in about a month or maybe in three months. Nevertheless, dear Oleś, do not wait for me, just run the household as if it was your own, and everything will be good” (26 th April 1833, p. 11). Some of the letters reveal, for instance, interesting facts about Viennese edition of 'Psałterz floriański' (1834) which was financed by Stanisław Dunin Borkowski, or show the circumstances of employing in Winniczki August Bielowski, the animator of Galician romanticism, or depict details of subsidising two volumes of romantic “Ziewonia” by a young land agent of Winniczki. The correspondence is a portrait of a man who aspires to the role of a Renaissance patron of culture; however, the standards of the emperor’s court are his limits. Without a doubt this hedonistic attitude of court flatterers from his uncle’s letters, made it easier for Leszek Dunin Borkowski to create a plethora of protagonists’ types in his anti-aristocratic Parafiańszczyzna and inspired the romantic discourse about “rational patriotism”, important also in present times.
EN
Using the example of Leszek Dunin Borkowski’s works, the author presents a form of a dialogue with a biblical source which was literary prophecy and mysticism. This philosophical basis converted poetic statement into a cultural discourse with traditional forms of religiousness. The outcome of this aesthetics led to the extension of the liberation ideas supporters’ circles as well as to promoting democratic ideas.
EN
The specific censorship determines only apparently the true end of the Polish Enlightenment, which was revealed very clearly especially in the areas of Galicia. The Vienna government aspired by all means to transform ‘hereditary countries’ together into a whole. Therefore, literature often started to use historical costume. The tragedy entitled ‘Arnaldo de Rocas: or, getting Nicosia. The tragedy in five acts, a poem originally written in Polish in 1828 by Leszek Borkowski’ is the outcome of those practices, remaining almost two hundred years in the manuscript. This unknown play, referring to its idea of ‘The Grecian Envoys’, is a perfect example of long-lasting classical aesthetics, which thanks to setting the action in the historically distant times, smuggles current patriotic content in a veiled way.
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