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EN
The article is a presentation of selected issues related to a concept of studying cultural (archaeological) heritage in forest areas and in the Białowieża forest as well as a presentation of general information related to the project entitled “Cataloguing of Cultural Heritage”, conducted since 2016 as part of the initiative entitled “Evaluation of Biodiversity Status in the Białowieża Forest on the basis of Selected Natural and Cultural Components”. The fundamental objectives of the article include (1) discussion of selected issues related to the application of ALS to studying cultural heritage in the Polish part of the Białowieża forest as well as (2) participation in a discussion on certain methodological issues as regards the application of ALS in the protection of archaeological finds in forest areas. The research is funded by the General Directorate of State Forests.
EN
The article discusses the results of research that was done on an aeolian hillock in the Załęcze Wielkie, Wieluń district. It was discovered in 2011 and initially considered to be the remains of a barrow which was suggested by the results of laser scanning (LiDAR). Archaeological and geological research, however, univocally state the natural origin of the hillock. The authors emphasize the ambiguity of the data obtained from the laser scanning. Research extending beyond LiDAR itself must be a necessary element to acknowledge the anthropomorphic origin of various forms of hillocks
EN
As new information is received, predictions of sea-level rise resulting from global warming continue to be revised upwards. Measurements indicate that the rise in sea-level is continuing at, or close to, the worst case forecasts (Kellet et al. 2014). Coastal areas are coming under increasing risk of inundation and flooding as storms are predicted to increase in frequency and severity, adding to the risk of inundation due to higher sea levels. Stakeholders, government agencies, developers and land owners require accurate, up to date information to be able to protect coastal areas. Geographic Information Systems (GIS) along with accurate remote sensing technologies such as LiDAR provides the best means for delivering this information. Using these technologies, this paper predicts the risk posed to a large multi-use development in the emirate of Ras Al Khaimah, UAE. This development, Al Hamra Village, is situated on the coast of the Arabian Gulf. Al Hamra’s physical relationship to the Gulf is in common with other developments in Ras Al Khaimah in its and for this reason has been used as a pilot project. The resulting GIS model shows that Al Hamra is indeed at risk from predicted flood events. How this information can be used as a planning tool for numerous strategies is discussed in this paper.
PL
W artykule omówiono badania dotyczące analizy wpływu wieżowca Sky Tower na krajobraz Wrocławia. Zostały one przeprowadzone z zastosowaniem komputerowej metody Visual Impact Size (VIS), opracowanej pod kierunkiem pierwszego autora artykułu. Metoda ta umożliwia geometrycznie jednoznaczne rozpoznanie zakresu i siły oddziaływania wizualnego dominanty. Im obiekt jest wyższy, tym w oczywisty sposób większy jest jego wpływ na krajobraz. W ślad za tym rośnie jego znaczenie jako elementu kształtującego wizerunek miasta. Obszar analiz VIS objął znaczną część Wrocławia (89 km2), co pozwoliło na obserwacje zarówno bliskiego, jak i dalekiego pola ekspozycji. Sky Tower w wewnętrznych widokach (z ulic, placów) jest stosunkowo słabo eksponowany, nie został też odpowiednio silnie osadzony w strukturze miasta. Jak wykazały analizy VIS, obiekt jest najlepiej widoczny w odległych panoramach z zachodu i południa, w których Sky Tower stanowi główny wertykalny motyw przyciągający wzrok. To właśnie w dalekich widokach wieżowiec staje się nowym symbolem Wrocławia, wzmacniającym wizerunek miasta. Analizy VIS zostały wykonane z wykorzystaniem danych ze skaningu lotniczego LiDAR: cyfrowego modelu terenu (DTM/NMT) i cyfrowego modelu pokrycia terenu (DSM/NMPT) oraz z wykorzystaniem specjalistycznego oprogramowania opracowanego przez autorów.
EN
The article discusses investigations referring to the analysis of the Sky Tower impact on the cityscape of Wrocław. They involved using a computer aided Visual Impact Size method (VIS) developed by a team led by the first of the authors of the article. The method provides for a geometrical examination of the scope and power of dominant visual impact. The higher the building, the larger is its impact on the landscape. This is followed by the significance of the building as an element determining the image of a city. The area of VIS analyses included a major part of Wrocław (89 km2), which enabled examining close and distant exposure field. In internal views (from streets and squares), the Sky Tower is relatively little exposed and has not been much embedded in the structure of the city. According to VIS analyses, the facility is better seen from larger distances in western and southern panoramas, where the Sky Tower is the main vertical element attracting the eye of a viewer. The tall building has become a new symbol of Wrocław in those more distant views strengthening the image of the city. The analyses involved LiDAR aerial scanning data: digital terrain model (DTM) and digital surface model (DSM), and the application of a specialist software developed by the authors.
EN
In the first part of the paper, the authors present the history of studies, in particular on mounds and mound cemeteries in the area of the Wieliczka and Wiśnicz Foothills and areas adjoining them in the north, namely the Cracow and Bochnia Foothills. Subsequently, the authors tackle new discoveries in the area of vast forest complexes, related to the possibility of using modern technologies. In particular, this refers to the making of LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging) data available. Presumed mound cemeteries in Bochnia-Kolanów, site No. 120 and in Łapczyca, site No. 90, were discussed in detail. A Digital Elevation Model (DEM) was generated for them, and subsequently, geo-magnetic and soil survey studies were carried out. As a result of field surveys and the above-listed studies, fourteen possible mounds were identified at site No. 120 in Bochnia-Kolanów and thirty-five at site No. 90 in Łapczyca. The performed work is preparatory with respect to the planned excavation studies which are meant to confirm the chronology of the discovered sites.
PL
W pierwszej części artykułu została przedstawiona historia badań w szczególności nad kopcami i cmentarzyskami kurhanowymi na obszarze Pogórza Wielickiego i Wiśnickiego wraz z przylegającymi do nich od północy: Przedgórzem Krakowskim i Bocheńskim. Następnie poruszono zagadnienia nowych odkryć na terenach rozległych kompleksów leśnych związanych z możliwością wykorzystania nowoczesnych technologii. Dotyczy to przede wszystkim udostępnienia danych LiDAR (ang. Light Detection and Ranging). Szerzej omówione zostały domniemane cmentarzyska kurhanowe w Bochni-Kolanowie, stan. 120 i Łapczycy, stan. 90. Stworzony został dla nich Numeryczny Model Terenu, a następnie przeprowadzono badania geomagnetyczne oraz gleboznawcze. W wyniku prospekcji terenowych oraz wspomnianych badań zidentyfikowano 14 możliwych kopców na stanowisku 120 w Bochni-Kolanowie i 35 na stanowisku 90 w Łapczycy. Poczynione prace mają charakter przygotowawczy przed planowanymi badaniami wykopaliskowymi mającymi potwierdzić chronologię odkrytych stanowisk.
EN
Due to availability of laser scanning results, new possibilities have emerged for studying areas overgrown with forests. On the border of Konin and Mogilno Districts, 13 new burial grounds have been discovered, with Kuyavian tombs representing the Funnel Beaker culture. The paper describes two of them – site 27 in Kownaty and site 24 in Góry. The burial ground in Góry is situated within the planned “Ościsłowo” open-pit lignite mine. It has been decided that the burial ground would be entered in the register of monuments of the Wielkopolskie Voivodeship so as to ensure its protection. Surveys were carried out to verify and delineate the boundaries of the site. As a result, 14 Kuyavian tombs, arranged in 4 groups, were identified in total. In addition, the finds included 1 barrow, a settlement and a settlement trace of the Lusatian culture in the form of a golden ornament. The burial ground in Góry is the last so well preserved burial ground with non-chamber graves of people of the Funnel Beaker culture in the eastern part of Greater Poland.
EN
The three-part hillfort in Lubomia, Wodzisław district (site 1, AZP 103-41/50) is the largest, one of the best preserved and one of the best excavated, early medieval hillforts of Śląskie Voivodeship. The aim of the authors was to integrate the archival research with the outcomes of remote sensing methods and, as a result, to supplement knowledge on the monument. The first of the applied methods was the analysis of data from airborne laser scanning (LiDAR, ALS), the second – geophysical (magnetic) research. They allowed to gather new information about the monument, and above all to discover its second, western subsidiary settlement (C). The objective has been achieved and it has been shown that the non-intrusive prospection of the site was justified, despite various independent constraints. This type of research and preservation activity should be obligatory for other archaeological sites, especially if they have a terrain form, and especially if excavations are planned. Keeping in mind that the preservation of the archaeological site in situ is nevertheless a priority.
PL
This paper is a case study of a prisoner of war and internment camp in Tuchola (Kujawsko-Pomorskie Province, Poland). The camp operated between 1914 and 1923. During the First World War it was run by Germans and later, during the Polish-Soviet War, by the Poles. The site provides a context for discussing two issues around archaeological research of the recent past. The first issue is how archaeology can be used to analyse the transformations of landscapes related to modern armed conflicts. The second point deals with the documentation and analysis of the remains of the camp using ALS derivatives. The main conclusion of this paper is that LiDAR technology can be also a useful tool in the context of approaching landscapes from the recent past.
PL
Artykuł prezentuje możliwość wykorzystania modeli terenu pochodzących z danych LiDAR do odtworzenia elementów historycznych fortyfikacji polowych. Podczas badań odtworzono przebieg linii okopów pochodzących z II wojny światowej na obszarze Pasma Jałowieckiego i Grupy Mędralowej. W celu weryfikacji dokładności danych pozyskanych z LiDAR i identyfikacji form punktowych oprócz interpretacji modelu przeprowadzono kartowanie terenowe z użyciem GPS. Zaprezentowana w artykule metoda badań pozwala na zidentyfikowanie linii okopów rozmieszczonych na rozległym, często trudno dostępnym obszarze, przez co wskazana jest do stosowania podczas prowadzonych badań na obszarze Karpat.
EN
LiDAR (Light Detection And Ranging) data are very useful in geographical, historical and archeological studies. It is because of large ALS point cloud precision, which makes possibility of studying small forms in relief, such as unmetalled roads, historical agricultural systems, archaeological sites or old field fortifications, like trench lines. The aim of this article is test on the usability of LiDAR data in research of trench lines built during Second World War in Poland, in Beskidy Mountains. The study area chosen to this text was located in Jałowiec Range and Mędralowa Mountain Group in south-west of Małopolskie voivodeship, south of Poland (Fig. 1). Jałowiec Range and Mędralowa Mountain Group is a continuation to the north of the Massif Babia Góra (Beskid Żywiecki, Carpathians). The fortifications were been built in this area before and during the Second World War. The first objects were built by Polish Army in 1939 and second time there was built two large fortification lines 1944, by polish people forced to do it by german soldiers. The most objects in studied area were made on the slopes of Malikowski Groń. Objects founded in 1944 were preserved in good condition up to the present day (Tab. 1). The few objects have been transformed by the geomorphological processes and by overgrown trees and shrubs on them. These objects have survived to this day, because they were not damaged during hostilities. The research was performed on a piece of trench line on Malikowski Groń (760 ma.s.l.) about 12,2 km long (Fig. 3, Fig. 6), Lachów Groń (708 m a.s.l.) about 1,6 km long (Fig. 3) and Mędralowa Mountain Group (1169 m a.s.l) about 2,3 km long (Fig. 4). During the field test the plan of trench lines (Fig. 3C, 5B) was performed by using GPS mapping and by measurement of the size and depth of the trenches. Second plan (Fig. 3B, 5A) is the result of LiDAR data analyses and vectorization. After then the obtained results were compared in research analysis. The trench lines and objects are quite good visible in LiDAR data, but it is impossible to do the classification of point objects made in field observation (Tab. 1, 2, 3). However, as a general comment, it is the possibility to signing the object classes in neighbor areas by way of analogy to field testing research.
Ochrona Zabytków
|
2016
|
issue 1
93-103
PL
Badania archeologiczne, jako przejaw interdyscyplinarnego podejścia do tematu zabytkowych parków i ogrodów, pozwalają na poznanie ewolucji tych założeń oraz odkrycie ważnych dla ich historii obiektów. Możliwości są duże: od wstępnej kwerendy z użyciem zdjęć lotniczych, starych map i innych materiałów źródłowych, przez badania terenowe oraz nieinwazyjne badania geofizyczne, aż do dokładnych badań wykopaliskowych. Wyniki mogą posłużyć za podstawę w trakcie prac restauracyjnych, umożliwić wierną rekonstrukcję, wspomóc naukowymi dowodami wszelkie projekty i strategie konserwatorskie.
EN
Archaeological investigation as part of a cross-disciplinary approach is an important means to trace the evolution and significant features of historic parks and gardens. Its scope ranges from background studies using aerial photographs, historical maps and other records, through analytical fieldwork and non-intrusive geophysical surveys to detailed excavation. The results can be used as the basis for accurate restoration, repair and reliable reconstruction in addition to informing conservation management plans and policies.
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