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EN
One of the most important problems in the proper functioning and fulfillment of entrusted tasks by municipalities in Poland is their high income independence. It depends, inter alia, on the broadly understood entrepreneurship undertaken in their area. Therefore the aim of this study was to identify the factors affecting entrepreneurship in the Warmian-Masurian Voivodeship in 2014-2016, which determined the revenue autonomy of municipalities in the region. The analysis was conducted with the use of a multiple linear regression model. Revenue autonomy, which is measured by the proportion of a municipality's own-source revenues in total revenues, was the explained (dependent) variable. The initial group of explanatory (independent) variables consisted of 22 indicators linked with the operations of local businesses in the evaluated region. The key determinants of the revenue autonomy of municipalities were: the percentage of commercial partnerships in the total number of companies in the private sector, the percentage of private-sector companies in the total number of companies, the percentage of industrial and construction companies in the total number of companies, the percentage of self-employed in the total number of companies in the private sector, the number of agricultural producers, livestock breeders and hunting companies per 1,000 residents, and the number of companies employing up to 9 people per 10,000 working-age residents.
PL
Rozwój przedsiębiorczości to zabieganie o nowe inwestycje, otwartość na nowe inicjatywy gospodarcze, profesjonalny klimat dla inwestorów, to w końcu wspieranie przedsiębiorców już funkcjonujących. Autorzy omówili czynniki rozwoju przedsiębiorczości oraz jej infrastrukturalne uwarunkowania, poświęcając szczególną uwagę infrastrukturze komunalnej. Przedstawili także działalność spółek komunalnych w Krakowie, które stymulują rozwój infrastruktury komunalnej. Autorzy zajęli się również wpływem infrastruktury komunalnej na rozwój przedsiębiorczości w Krakowie.
EN
Within the framework of territorial development of entrepreneurship are taken by local and regional action to support small and medium enterprises. Supporting entrepreneurs contributes to the development of the local government units, resulting in improved quality of life, which entrepreneurs can offer better or cheaper goods and services. Taking into account the infrastructure considerations for the development of enterprise should be noted that both the socio-economic development of the country, and the development of individual regions affect infrastructure (urban amenities). An important driving force of economic development is particularly on transport infrastructure and information and telecommunications. The main goal of this paper is to show how Cracow municipal infrastructure influences on development and support of entrepreneurship on this local scale of the economy. (original abstract)
EN
The socio-political and economic processes that occurred in Poland in the last 20 years have resulted in far-reaching changes in the structure and functional repertoire of cities and regions. In the settlement systems, in which units in a special way have given to be affected by the transformation, are small towns. It is in the sense of formal-covers a group of centers with city rights and the population not exceeding 20 000 residents. In the area of one voivodeship can be distinguished cities with different surroundings, different pace and level of development. In West Pomeranian Voivodeship an important factor for the location of the function in space is geographic location. Intersect here domestic and international transport routes in the East-West and North-South. In the area of West Pomeranian Voivodeship are currently 53 small cities. Much of it shows quite a strong specialization in one type of activity in the sense of superiority of the operators belonging to the one section for PKD, which in the long run can generate problems. The aim is to examine the degree of variation in the development of different types of economic activities in the small cities, with an indication of the centers, which have the chance to develop a diverse repertoire of functions.
EN
The article describes a small town Koziegłowy, which has succeeded a lot from the economic point of view, and analyses the main factors that contributed to its birth. Among those, the most important one is the endogenic capital understood as the inner local resources. Thanks to the resourcefulness and ingeniousness of the local population and the diffusion of the innovation, the town and the neighbouring villages have become a well-known manufacturer of artificial Christmas tree, not only in the region but also in the country, and the municipality have enriched itself in a wide range of social and economic investments. Competent local resources management combined with the positive factors in the economic, financial, infrastructure and social spheres have decided about good use of all the development conditions.
XX
Celem opracowania jest określenie zależności między rozwojem pozarolniczej działalności gospodarczej a sytuacją finansową gmin, a także charakterystyka skali, tempa i zróżnicowania przestrzennego sytuacji finansowej gmin pod wpływem pozarolniczej działalności gospodarczej. Analizę oparto na materiałach Banku Danych Regionalnych GUS, które dotyczyły 2465 gmin. Zakres czasowy badań dotyczy lat 1995-2000.
EN
The article of this paper is to present a conceptualization of potential negative effects resulting from companies embeddedness in both local and international networks of relations. The article applies the concept of embeddedness and the network approach to the analysis of companies local and international activities. The article's main contribution is the analyses of companies from the perspective of the level of embeddedness of their activities both in local and global business networks, regardless if they are active or not on international markets. Those dependencies are accompanied by both positive and negative effects. The negative effects related to two types of entities (suppliers and competitors) are analyzed.
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