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Logistics and logistics controlling

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EN
This article explores the concept of logistics, controlling and logistics controlling. These categories have many common features, but also differ in some respects. The presentation of controlling, logistics and logistics controlling consists of reviewing the variety of definitions relating to these concepts. The concepts of controlling and logistics are ambiguous. In the literature of the subject we can meet their different interpretations. The different terminology has resulted in development of numerous concepts. This situation is due to the complexity of both categories in practice. Logistics controlling is a combination of controlling and logistics, and more specifically consists in the use of the instruments of controlling in the area of logistics. Controlling, logistics and logistics controlling are modern theoretical and practical fields. Properly implemented and integrated systems of controlling and logistics in the company contribute to its improvement, affect its performance, and strengthen its position in a competitive market.
PL
Artykuł podzielono na rozdziały zawierające opisy działania inteligentnych systemów wspomagających/zastępujących pracę logistyka w systemach zaopatrzenia, produkcji, dystrybucji oraz w integrujących się metasystemach. Do każdego z rozdziałów przygotowano podstawowe definicje oraz przykłady firm, które wykorzystują sztuczną inteligencję. W rozdziale pierwszym opisano firmę TRW Automotive – firma zarządza procesami produkcyjnymi z zastosowaniem AI (Artificial Intelligenss) opartej na koncepcji Six Sigma. W rozdziale drugim opisano możliwość pobierania nieustrukturalizowanych danych do zintegrowanych systemów zarządzania klasy ERP (z wykorzystaniem techniki ETL) w firmie General Motors. Również w rozdziale drugim zaprezentowano funkcje bota ALICE wspomagającego zarządzanie łańcuchami logistycznymi. Rozdział trzeci poświęcony jest AI wykorzystywanej w motoryzacyjnych sieciach dystrybucji marki BMW. Omówiono koncepcję Internetu rzeczy i działanie becon-ów. Czwarty rozdział poświęcony jest sztucznej inteligencji wspomagającej powoływanie i koordynowanie dynamicznych sieci dostaw, wykorzystującej oprogramowanie stworzone na podstawie teorii CAS (Złożonych Systemów Adaptacyjnych – Complex Adaptive Systems). Przewodnim celem artykułu było pokazanie trendów w rozwoju AI na potrzeby zarządzania logistyką w organizacji i sieci współpracujących przedsiębiorstw.
EN
The article consists of four chapters: Intelligent systems in production logistics; Intelligent transport logistics in supply chain management; Intelligent logistics and transportation management supporting distribution system; Intelligent systems supporting organizing and coordinating the work of the dynamic supply network. In each of the chapters there is the theory part and examples of companies that use artificial intelligence. In the first chapter the TRW Automotive Company was described, which manages production processes using Artificial Intelligence (AI) based on the concept of Six Sigma. In the second chapter the ability to retrieve unstructured data to integrated management systems e.g. ERP (using techniques ETL), was described based on the practice at General Motors. Also in the second chapter the ALICE bot functions supporting the management of logistics chains was presented. The third chapter is devoted to AI used in the automotive distribution networks of the BMW brand. As well as the concept of the Internet of Things and operation of the beacon technology was discussed. The fourth chapter is devoted to artificial intelligence supporting the establishment and coordination of the dynamic supply network, using software developed based on the theory of CAS (Complex Adaptive Systems). The aim of this article was to show trends in the development of AI to manage logistics in the organization and a network of cooperating companies.
Organizacija
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2012
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vol. 45
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issue 1
3-13
EN
Negative employee relations in companies are a ubiquitous phenomenon which, on one hand, may result in dissatisfaction and inefficiency of employees and, on the other hand, disappointing work results. The basis of research work for the following paper forms a definition of internal integration and its level as well as connection with the level of efficiency of inter-functional relations. The empirical part of the research paper examines the influence positive relations between functions may have on the level of internal integration. More specifically, the analysis focuses on employee relations from logistics and marketing functions. The research is based on the quantitative analysis of data acquired from a survey carried out at Slovenian retail companies.
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Logistyka a controlling logistyki

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PL
Artykuł dotyczy koncepcji logistyki i controllingu oraz controllingu logistyki. Wymienione kategorie posiadają wiele wspólnych cech, ale również elementów je różniących. Prezentacja controllingu, logistyki oraz controllingu logistyki polegała na przedstawieniu różnorodnych definicji i koncepcji analizowanych dziedzin. Pojęcia „controllingu” i „logistki” są niejednoznaczne. W literaturze przedmiotu spotyka się ich różne interpretacje. Odmienność terminologii miała wpływ na powstanie licznych koncepcji. Taki stan rzeczy wynika z kompleksowości obu kategorii w praktyce gospodarczej. Controlling logistyki stanowi połączenie controllingu i logistyki, a dokładniej polega na oddziaływaniu instrumentów controllingu na obszar logistyki.Controlling, logistyka i controlling logistyki są nowoczesnymi dziedzinami teoretyczno-praktycznymi. Odpowiednio wdrożone i powiązane systemy controllingu i logistyki w przedsiębiorstwie przyczyniają się do poprawy funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstwa, wpływają na jego wynik oraz wzmacniają jego pozycję na konkurencyjnym rynku.
DE
The article aims to present the structure and key features of the internetbased bilingual(German and English) Thesaurus Logistics, developed by the Technical University of Applied Sciences Wildau in cooperation with the Institute of Shipping Economics and Logistics (ISL) and Institue of Logistics and Warehousing (ILiM). The comprehensive Thesaurus Logistics is based on the most advanced tools used for the developing of thesauri, namely: iQvoc and SKOS.
EN
Recent developments and events – e.g. trend to globalization, outsourcing activities, shorter life time cycles, but also natural disasters and others – have led to the increase of risks in business. Furthermore, regional and global financial and economic crises have brought additional and often unexpected risks into business. Therefore, risk management has been identified as one of the important management tasks supporting a company in reaching its objectives. In many countries, implementation and use of risk management is required by law. In Germany, the so-called KonTraG (Corporate Sector Supervision and Transparency Act) prescribes risk management for all incorporated companies. Although there is no mandated risk management for other legal forms of organizations, the KonTraG has also impact on those forms of organizations, especially on attestation by external auditors. This paper focuses on the industrial sector of logistics service providers (LSPs). The logistics service industry in Germany is a fragmented market. Although there are some ‘big players’, i.e. large LSPs, that are involved in national and international logistics activities, there also exists a large number of small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs). For those small and medium-sized LSPs, risk management is not compulsory. Nevertheless, they face at least the same risks as the big players – if not even more (e.g. due to smaller market shares and lower market power). There is a number of questions involved with risk management in logistics enterprises: Is risk management an approach used by LSPs – and to what extend? Who initiates risk management in logistics enterprises? What is the degree of maturity of risk management in the logistics industry? What tools and methods are used by LSPs? Are companies evaluating risk management as beneficial? Not much research has been conducted in the logistics service industry so far. Thus, to answer those questions, the authors started to conduct a first empirical study in 2008. This study was followed by a second field study in 2011, i.e. directly after the first global financial and economic crisis. In 2013, the authors carried out the third empirical study on the status of risk management in logistics enterprises in Germany. The study allows for both stating the current status of risk management and identifying developments and trends in the logistics industry related to risk management. This paper intends to highlight the most important findings from the 2013 field study and to evaluate the status quo of risk management in logistics enterprises. It also specifies room for improvement to reach a higher degree of professionalism in risk management in the logistics industry.
PL
Badania na temat uwarunkowań rozwoju usług logistycznych mają zdecydowany wpływ na kształtowanie głównych trendów i perspektyw rozwoju usług logistycznych w Europie. W badaniach uwzględnionych zostało szereg czynników, które stanowią siły napędowe lub ograniczające rozwój logistyki w gospodarce światowej. Celem artykułu jest zaprezentowanie wybranych klasyfikacji czynników kształtujących rozwój logistyki oraz analiza aktualnych wskaźników charakteryzujących rozwój usług logistycznych w Europie. Analiza usług logistycznych została przedstawiona na podstawie kosztów logistycznych oraz charakterystyki rynku usług logistycznych z punktu widzenia wielkości sprzedaży w Europie.
EN
Research on conditions for the development of logistics services have a decisive influence on the main trends and development perspectives of logistics services in Europe. The studies included were a number of factors which are driving forces or restricting the development of logistics in the global economy. The aim of the article is to present some grading factors shaping the development of logistics and analysis of current indicators characterizing the development of logistics services in Europe. Analysis of logistics services on the basis of BVL has been presented on the basis: logistic costs and the characteristics of the logistics market in terms of sales volume in Europe.
EN
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to present the extent to which indicators applied by logistics providers in Poland measure logistics-related processes and performance in the context of implementing the concept of management accounting in the enterprises that were researched. Methodology: The research methods used by the authors included a literature review of mainly German and Polish publications and survey research conducted in 2011–2013 among logistics enterprises in Poland. This study served as the basis for verifying four hypotheses and formulating conclusions. Findings: The main results of this study showed that management accounting systems are implemented in about half of then logistics providers in Poland covered by the survey. 75% of all enterprises conducted indicator analysis to evaluate logistics processes, costs and performance, and 90% of the indicators used by these enterprises were of a financial nature. Research limitations: The main limitation of the research was associated with conducting the survey. The low return rate of completed questionnaires did not allow for a detailed analysis of the undertaken subject to be conducted. Moreover, the research results cannot be generalized to all logistics companies in Poland. Originality: The study was the first review of the application of indicators in logistics companies in Poland in relation to the implementation of the management accounting concept. The study provides knowledge about how Polish logistics enterprises use indicators as an important management accounting instrument.
EN
Aim/purpose – This paper aims at determining the role of Poland in the Belt and Road Initiative (BRI) and identifying an alternative course of the trail. However, there are still many variables that can significantly affect the extent of Poland’s participation in BRI. Design/methodology/approach – The paper was based on a literature query and inter-views with six experts of the Polish logistics environment closely connected to the con-cept of the New Silk Road. The interviews and the literature analysis allowed of the authors to define potential scenarios for the course of the New Silk Road. In addition, the SWOT analysis was used to identify the Poland’s role in BRI. Findings – The most important factors that can significantly contribute to Poland’s par-ticipation in BRI are a very convenient geographical location and a strong logistics sec-tor, whereas the main negative factors are the ambivalent attitude of the Polish authori-ties towards the Chinese party and the underdeveloped modern railway infrastructure. The study identified some potential scenarios for the route of the New Silk Road, i.e., Poland as a European hub, transit only, southern road and northern road (ro-ro neigh-bors). The first scenario is the most favorable for Poland – Poland as a European hub. This is due to the current course of the New Silk Road and the location of Poland on the most economically effective transport corridor. Research implications/limitations – The research findings allow for a relatively precise definition of possible scenarios of the BRI Northern Corridor through areas directly related to Poland. The results may contribute to raising knowledge and awareness about BRI, which may provide insights into an academic and social debate on this topic. The upshot is that the results may entail actual activities contributing to increasing the chances of Poland for being a European hub gate for BRI. Originality/value/contribution – Previous publications explored various route alterna-tives of the entire New Silk Road, whereas there was no analysis of the last stage of the transport corridor on which Poland lies. The paper is a response to this research gap.
EN
Aim/purpose – The paper aims to summarize approaches to complexity management by implementing particular logistics concepts within logistics strategies in global supply chains and to highlight a research gap in this regard. Additionally, complexity management concepts are presented. Design/methodology/approach – To achieve the research objective, a systematic literature review was used. 11 research paper were analyzed with use of review protocol. Findings – Approaches to mentioned research problem are heterogeneous in current literature and there is a research gap in complexity studies in logistics, precluding further research, for example, on complexity measurement systems. Research implications/limitations – Identified research gap will require further studies. Studied area requires more empirical research, especially in the field of complexity measurement and management techniques in particular global supply chains. Originality/value/contribution – The paper summarizes current knowledge about logistics concepts helping to manage complexity in global supply chains and defines research gaps. There are no available literature summary of that kind. The article contains a full review of logistics complexity management concepts presented in scientific literature until the end of 2016.
EN
The article offers information on the results related to survey of marketing in the activities of logistics service providers (LSP). It mentions that the companies use relational marketing tools to effectively respond to the increasing competition and the growing requirements of customers. It determines the place of marketing in the organizational structure, research and the share of expenditures on marketing in the total expenditure and the manner of organizing marketing services.
EN
The efficiency of exploiting the software takes on new dimensions under the conditions of integrated exploitation at the level of process and structural organization of SMEs found within the regional strategic alliances. The modeling and simulation of the leadership and regulation processes of the supply, sales and production flows imply a complex display of forces between the different partners of the logistic chain which can be supported by the existence of some data bases developed based on information partnership whose purpose is to counterattack the communication barriers and to ensure a flow and flexibility of the entire logistic flow. The modeling and simulation of the non-industrial processes can lead to the increase of the efficient development of the rural areas and small urban areas through agro-tourism, combining elements that are specific to some fields such as agriculture, ecology, merchandise/people transportation and tourism.
EN
The author showed a fragment of the Iliad referred to as the Catalogue of Ships, also called Beotia (Bojotia). The name of this part comes from the Beots, whose troops, arriving at Troy, were listed in the Catalogue as the first. The list contains in-formations about the Greek armed forces, rulers and chiefs of the Greek peoples who took part in the naval expedition and the war against the Trojans. It also determines the number of ships brought by the Greeks to Troy. Eager to go to war, they put themselves in Beocia near the city of Aulis where, on the Strait of Eurypus, a large port was located. It can also be assumed that the Catalogue of Greek troops begins with the army of Beocia because the ports of this land were chosen as the place of concentration of troops for the expedition against Troy. A collection of works called the Trojan Cycle was also characterized, which includes 29 books and from which only small fragments (epitomai) and summaries in the so-called Chrestomatia have survived. Despite such poor literature, they are an important source in reproducing the content of the Trojan cycle. The passage showing the Achaean army at Troy, which is a list of Greek nobility, is often omitted in the editions of the Iliad. However, for those studying the art of war, it is an extremely important record of Europe’s past.
EN
The broad span of Logistics Management encompasses control of time, place, movement, energy (efforts, labor), as well as the positioning, stance and movement of products, materials, commodities, and people. This study coins the term Stance Logistics to focus on the stance and movement of people within the range of Logistics principles. The philosophy behind this is to enhance the required sensitivity with respect to management and control of time, place, movement, motion, stance and energy in material and nonmaterial exchanges and in all types of human encounters. Stance Logistics includes not only the “on foot” (pedestrian) or “in-vehicle” (automated) movements and public behaviour in stopping, standing, and positioning, but also individual predisposition of physical and mental response, and awareness (aesthesia). This essay describes the application of the scientific principles of Logistics to the personal experiences of people. Current Logistics literature includes mostly models developed on pedestrian and evacuation movement behaviour [1]. To the author’s knowledge, however, there is nothing documented on the issue of personal individual Logistics Stance. Behaviours, especially that of blocking other people’s ways and passages, intervening, rudeness and queue-jumping in various environmental settings have not been extensively studied, if at all, whether during walking, pausing, stopping, face-to-face encounters, standing or waiting in lines and lanes or waiting for an elevator or metro train door to open. This study seeks underlying clues to increase sensitivity and awareness of people’s movement particularly in public areas by shedding light on Logistics behaviours of people. When combined with applicable models of pedestrian movements and integrated with the general principles of Logistics, Stance Logistics can serve as an important guide to facilitate the daily activities of many people. It is believed that, this exploratory study will pave the way for further research to produce promising results on the aspects of this new concept of Stance Logistics.
EN
Logistics is a branch science and art of practical action, which deals with efficient and effective control of materials, products and information flows. This article is an attempt of theoretical considerations on the advisability of introducing logistics solutions to the public services sector. Paying attention of readers (managers, local government officials, hospital directors, employees of the local authority, as well as students) on the potential opportunities the application of logistics solutions in organizations that operate in the public sphere is the goal of this publication. The paper presents elements of logistics in public services, which in authors' opinion can bring measurable benefits, both in terms of organization and economically. On a background of the characteristics of modern society, whose unique properties result from factors such as knowledge, globalization, chaos, diversity and freedom considerations in this work are presented.
PL
Obszar badawczy logistyki często jest odnoszony do szeroko rozumianej problematyki konkurencyjności. Konkurencyjność logistyczna, postrzeganie logistyki przez pryzmat czynnika konkurencyjności przedsiębiorstw, to tematyka stosunkowo powszechnie poruszana w literaturze. Jednakże ujęcie konkurencyjności logistyki odnoszone do założeń nowej ekonomii przemysłowej, akcentujące tzw. dynamiczne ujęcie w strukturach rynku, to zdecydowanie rzadziej spotykane opracowania. Należy podkreślić silne korelacje badań w obszarze logistyki z założeniami metodologicznymi nowej ekonomii przemysłowej, akcentującymi tzw. dynamiczne ujęcie w strukturach rynku. Owe korelacje przejawiają się w problematyce wejść i wyjść z rynku (mobilności podmiotów rynkowych), władzy i dominacji na rynku, problematyce pojawiania się i znikania przedsiębiorstw (demografii przedsiębiorstw), innych niż konkurencja formach koordynacji rynku. Niniejsze opracowanie skupia się na jednym z podstawowych obszarów nowej ekonomii przemysłowej, mianowicie na problematyce wejść i wyjść z rynku, problematyce barier wejścia i wyjścia z rynku, które mogą przybierać postać barier o charakterze logistycznym. Stąd też celem artykułu jest identyfikacja i charakterystyka logistycznych barier wejścia i wyjścia z rynku. W artykule wykorzystano metody krytycznej analizy literatury przedmiotu, metody analizy systemowej, a także metody hermeneutyczne (czyli analizę, objaśnianie oraz interpretację wszelkich źródeł pisanych związanych z przedmiotem prowadzonego badania), które w szerszym ujęciu korespondują z humanistycznym modelem metodologicznego oglądu problemów ekonomicznych, prezentowanych w obszarze logistyki w ogóle, jak również w tym konkretnym przypadku. Istotnym zagadnieniem o charakterze metodologicznym jest określenie teoretycznych źródeł badań nad współzależnością między strukturami rynku (i związaną z tym mobilnością podmiotów rynkowych) a logistyką. W realizacji tego celu odniesiono się do paradygmatu i metody SCP − stucture – conduct – performance (struktura – zachowania – wyniki), stanowiącego podstawę metodologicznych założeń nowej ekonomii przemysłowej [Jezierski, 2013, s. 27 i dalsze].
EN
This article presents selected aspects of barriers to entry and exit on the market by means of logistical barriers. The article advances the thesis that some of the economic barriers have character of logistical barriers to entry and exit on the market. When we relate logistic strategies to widely understood logistic competitiveness, i.e. seeing logistics in the methodological approach applied to the new industrial economics (theory of industry organization), especially in the context of the barriers to entry and exit on the market. The article stresses the influence of logistics on all, most often named in literature, sources of barriers to entry and exit – economies of scale, product differentiation, capital needs, access to distribution channels, cost disadvantage, or state policy. However this article is definitely of a theoretical character includes some examples of practical solutions and implementation of logistic strategies and concepts while solving contemporary dilemmas of the economic solutions.
EN
The article offers information on the application of lean principles to achieve continuous flow in third party logistics providers (3PLs). It mentions that lean management principles and practices have been traditionally applied to manufacturing systems and try to make products flow through the supply chain without interruptions. Topics discussed include lean management of flow in logistics operations, conditions for continuous workflow and empirical research design.
PL
Celem artykułu jest konfrontacja teoretycznych podstaw modelu Rogersa z praktyką gospodarczą na przykładzie funkcjonowania przedsiębiorstw logistycznych działających na terenie Dolnego Śląska. Zaprezentowane wnioski w niniejszym opracowaniu zostały wyciągnięte na podstawie 98 ankiet przeprowadzonych wśród przedsiębiorstw z branży TSL w I i II kwartale 2013 r. w języku polskim. Wnioski wynikające z przeprowadzonych badań mogą stanowić cenne źródło dla władz samorządowych projektujących i wdrażających strategie rozwoju innowacyjności na poziomie regionalnym.
EN
The purpose of this article is to confront the theoretical model of Rogers and business practice on the example of the logistics companies operating in Lower Silesia. Conclusions presented in this report were drawn from a survey of 98 companies in the branch of logistics. Survey took part in 2013 in the Polish language. Conclusions from the studies can be a valuable source for local authorities, to design and implement strategies for the development of innovation at regional level.
EN
One of the main trends of research on labor market issues, which in the last decade is becoming very popular among researchers is the effect of educational level on the situation of workers in the labor market, including the employees of the logistics industry. Education today is a good specific, which forms a part of human capital. Some specific features, level of education and personal skills logisticians largely determine the position of insider or an outsider in the labor market. This article aims to show the role of education in shaping the labor market with particular emphasis on the challenges and expectations that in recent years there before employees of the logistics industry.
PL
Rola logistyki w zarządzaniu stale rośnie. Podstawą kształtowania i rozwoju koncepcji logistyki jest orientacja na przepływy. Koncepcja ta coraz częściej jest postrzegana jako systemowa determinanta sukcesu i przewagi konkurencyjnej przedsiębiorstwa, zajmująca istotne miejsce we współczesnym zarządzaniu strategicznym. W rozwoju koncepcji logistyki można wskazać pięć faz, umownie nazywanych kolejnymi koncepcjami logistyki: (1) logistyka jako funkcja operacyjnego zarządzania zadaniami i czynnościami logistycznymi, (2) logistyka jako funkcja strategicznego zarządzania procesami i potencjałami logistycznymi, (3) logistyka jako koncepcja przepływowo zorientowanego zarządzania przedsiębiorstwem, (4) logistyka jako koncepcja przepływowo zorientowanego zarządzania łańcuchem dostaw, (5) logistyka jako koncepcja przepływowo zorientowanego zarządzania siecią dostaw. Celem artykułu jest próba identyfikacji i oceny miejsca oraz roli koncepcji logistyki w zasobowym nurcie zarządzania strategicznego. W nurcie tym kluczowe znaczenie jest przypisywane tzw. potencjałom sukcesu przedsiębiorstwa, obejmującym zasoby, zdolności i kompetencje, które wpływają na osiąganie oczekiwanych efektów rynkowo-ekonomicznych przez przedsiębiorstwo, będących podstawą tworzenia jego przewagi konkurencyjnej.
EN
The role of logistics within business management is still growing. The basis for shaping and developing the logistics concept is the flow orientation. The logistics concept is more and more often perceived as a systemic factor affecting business success as well as firm competitive advantage. Such logistics concept occupies an important place in contemporary strategic management. Within the logistics concept development one may notice five stages (referred to as the consecutive logistics concepts): (1) logistics as a function of operational management of logistics tasks and activities, (2) logistics as a function of strategic management of logistics processes and potentials, (3) logistics as a concept of flow-oriented management within the firm, (4) logistics as a concept of flow-oriented management within the supply chain, (5) logistics as a concept of floworiented management within the supply network. The aim of the article is to identify and evaluate the place and role of logistics concept within the resource stream of strategic management. Within this stream, the key role is assigned to the so-called business success potentials, comprising resources, capabilities and competences, affecting the expected market and economic outcomes achievement by the firm, which are the basis for business competitive advantage creation.
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