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EN
he paper aims at characterising the situation related to the re-emigration of Poles from Czechoslovakia to the Western and Northern Territories: historical background, personal motivations of the re-emigrants, travel conditions and re-arranging life in the Polish-German border area. However, it is not possible to fully highlight this issue without considering additional contexts, such as the conditions of residence before the war and in particular: the period between 1945 and 1948, from the end of the war to the moment of departure. The authors distinguish several key factors that can be considered as determinants of the integration of re-emigrants from the areas of eastern Slovakia. The decisive issue was the time of arrival and the fact that most farms that were habitable were occupied by settlers who had arrived earlier. What seems particularly interesting, this issue did not affect the decision on the direction of transport of re-emigrants. Even though the National Repatriation Office had knowledge about the fact that there were not enough farms and land in the district (powiat), the re-emigrants were directed to the West. What is more, the Przewóz commune in 1948 was only colonized in 40%, but this probably indicates that these were rather unattractive areas than forgotten ones. Relevant materials for the present study were collected during a query in the Archives of New Files in Warsaw, the most valuable ones coming from the files of the State Repatriation Office in Łódź together with reports of provincial branches in Rzeszów and Wrocław. Thanks also to the resources from the files of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs, it was possible to obtain the information necessary to outline the broader pre-war context, mainly on the basis of notes of the Polish consular institutions in Košice and Uzhhorod. The archival material was supplemented and confronted with the recollections of the re-emigrants, collected by the authors of the text using the spoken history method.
EN
The article presents the role of the Institute for Western Affairs (Instytut Zachodni) in generating and publicizing the concept of the Lubusz Land after World War II as a new region of Poland. The concept originated in 1945-1948 and underpinned the creation of the new region, a task to which a number of scholars associated with the Institute devoted the first post-war years. The paper aims to define the stages of the construction of the concept of the Lubusz Land, as well as later attempts to deconstruct this idea. It is worth underscoring that immediately after World War II, the Institute for Western Affairs was responsible for furnishing the rationale of the Lubusz Land as a region of Poland. The methodology of the present study relies predominantly on the genetic method and analysis of source materials from the Archives of the Institute for Western Affairs and the materials of M. Sczaniecki in the Archives of the Polish Academy of Sciences. Archival sources supplement the published materials of scholars associated with or representing the Institute, and in the latter case the philological method was employed. From a study of the documents it follows that taking advantage of favourable circumstances in 1945, the Institute for Western Affairs created a new region - Lubusz Land, which was to help preserve the borderland character of Greater Poland. The cited sources reveal that the Institute’s main task was to demonstrate the distinctness of the Lubusz Land from Pomerania and Silesia, and at the same time its close and inextricable connection to Poznań, in a sense also its intellectual dependence on the capital of Greater Poland. Although the concept was a top-down one, the administrative reform of 1950, seen as unfavourable from Poznań’s perspective, led to a subsequent retreat from the original idea. In the activities of the Institute for Western Affairs after 1950 there is a marked tendency to negate previous theses and disclaim the concept of the Lubusz Land.
EN
The aim of the article is to analyze the formation of electoral preferences during the accession referendum to the European Union and in individual electorates to the European Parliament in constituency no. 13 - which includes the West Pomeranian and Lubusz Voivodeships - compared to all-Poland results. Both in the 1990s and at the beginning of the 21st century, the inhabitants of both regions demonstrated leftist electoral preferences. The change in electoral behavior took place during the first EP elections, and then proceeded in subsequent elections not only to the European Parliament, but also to the national parliament, as well elections of the President of the Republic of Poland and local authorities. Thanks to a comparative analysis of individual elections, it will be possible to verify the hypothesis that in the analyzed voivodeships included in constituency no.13 there was a change from leftist electoral preferences towards the center of the political scene.
EN
The Decree of President of Poland of 1927 introduced, among others, a frontier zone, 2 km wide from the frontier line, where a number of prohibitions for people were in force. Limitations of photographing in the frontier zone of the Poznań Voivodship were announced immediately before the outbreak of war in 1939. After the World War II and moving the frontiers of Poland to Odra, the powiats (districts) located on the middle course of Odra were included into Poznań Voivodship, and in 1950 they were incorporated into newly constituted Zielona Góra Voivodship. After the war, the former State Borders Law was in force until 1956. As early as in 1945 the Poznań voivod ordered the registration of the photographic cameras, but not until 1949 the regulation of Poznań voivod was issued concerning the possession of cameras and obtaining permission to make photographs in a 6 kilometres wide frontier zone for amateur and professional purposes. Exempted from permissions were military servicemen, photographers making photos on business, and those who passed by the frontier zone. The permissions were issued by the powiat authorities after obtaining the opinion of the powiat Security Service and the Border Protection Troops. In the mid-1950s the principles of issuing permissions were tightened. The time of their validity was shortened from a year to several months with a possibility of prolongation, and the photographers working for the state institutions were obliged to obtain permissions. These limitations, as it seems, followed from the fear of espionage by the foreign states.
PL
Rozporządzenie Prezydenta Polski z 1927 roku wprowadziło m.in. strefę nadgraniczną szerokości 2 km od linii granicy, gdzie obowiązywało szereg zakazów dla ludności. Ograniczenia w fotografowaniu w strefie nadgranicznej województwa poznańskiego pojawiły się tuż przed wybuchem wojny w 1939 roku. Po II wojnie światowej i przesunięciu granic Polski do Odry powiaty położone nad środowym biegiem Odry włączono do województwa poznańskiego a w 1950 roku przeniesiono do powołanego województwa zielonogórskiego. Po wojnie dawne prawo graniczne nadal obowiązywało do 1956 roku. Wojewoda poznański już w 1945 zarządził rejestrację aparatów fotograficznych, ale dopiero w 1949 roku ukazało się zarządzenie wojewody poznańskiego w sprawie uzyskania zezwoleń na posiadanie aparatów fotograficznych i robienie zdjęć w 6-kilometrowej strefie nadgranicznej dla celów amatorskich i zawodowych. Z zezwoleń tych byli wyłączeni wojskowi i osoby służbowo wykonujące zdjęcia oraz osoby przejeżdżające przez strefę nadgraniczną. Zezwolenia wydawały władze powiatowe po uzyskaniu opinii powiatowej służby bezpieczeństwa i Wojsk Ochrony Pogranicza. W połowie lat 50. XX wieku nastąpiło zaostrzenie zasad wydawania tych zezwoleń. Skrócono czas ich ważności z roku do kilku miesięcy z możliwością przedłużenia, wprowadzono zasadę uzyskiwania zgody dla fotografów pracujących na rzecz instytucji państwowych. Ograniczenia te, jak sie wydaje, podyktowane były obawą przed szpiegostwem na rzecz obcych państw.
EN
The article concerns Lubusz Land’s contemporary prose: novels written by Krzysztof Fedorowicz (Grünberg), Maria Sidorska-Ryczkowska (Stacyjka na wschodzie i zachodzie and Klucze do rzeki), Edward Derylak (Wedelmann). The authoress analyses these narrations on the background of little homelands prose. The article is also an attempt to determine the regional features of the works about Lubusz Land.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy współczesnej prozy Ziemi Lubuskiej: utworów Grünberg Krzysztofa Fedorowicza, Stacyjka na wschodzie i zachodzie oraz Klucze do rzeki Marii Sidorskiej-Ryczkowskiej oraz zbioru opowiadań Wedelmann Edwarda Derylaka. Autorka odczytuje te utwory w perspektywie prozy małych ojczyzn, a ponadto podejmuje próbę określenia regionalnych cech wskazanych utworów.
EN
The professional activity of Ewa Mielczarek as a librarian, political scientist, senior curator, head of the Publishing Department at the Cyprian Norwid’s Provincial and Municipal Public Library in Zielona Góra, is impressive. Since 1999, her professional life has been associated with Zielona Góra, where she moved from Jelenia Góra. She is an editor, proofreader, hunter of gifted authors and their texts, a friend of poets, prose writers, essayists, reviewers, and artists. It is her, whom “Pro Libris” owes its neatness, tastefulness, and editorial beauty. In addition, she engages in journalism, promotes publications edited by the publishing house of the Zielona Góra Library, organizes literary competitions, meetings with authors, cooperates with scholars and supervises the editorial office of “Bibliotekarz Lubuski” (“Lubusz Librarian”), “Pasje Literackie” (“Literary Passions”) and “Zielonogórskie Studia Bibliotekoznawcze” (“Zielona Góra Library Studies”). Methods used: press content analysis, custom study, heuristic analysis and criticism of literature, interview.
PL
Działalność zawodowa bibliotekoznawcy, politologa, starszego kustosza, kierownika Działu Wydawnictw w Wojewódzkiej i Miejskiej Bibliotece Publicznej im. C. Norwida w Zielonej Górze Ewy Mielczarek jest imponująca. Jej życie zawodowe od 1999 r. związane jest z Zieloną Górą, gdzie się przeprowadziła z Jeleniej Góry. Jest redaktorem, korektorem, łowcą uzdolnionych autorów i ich tekstów, przyjacielem poetów, prozaików, eseistów, recenzentów, artystów. To jej „Pro Libris” zawdzięcza szczególną staranność, wysmakowanie i piękno edytorskie. Poza tym uprawia publicystykę, promuje edytowane przez Wydawnictwo zielonogórskiej Książnicy im. C. Norwida publikacje, organizuje konkursy literackie, spotkania autorskie, współpracuje z uczonymi i nadzoruje redakcję „Bibliotekarza Lubuskiego”, „Pasji Literackich” oraz „Zielonogórskich Studiów Bibliotekoznawczych”. Użyte metody: analiza zawartości prasy, casual study, heurystyczna analiza i krytyka piśmiennictwa, wywiad.
EN
The article deals with the effects of the so-called ‘Winter of the Century’ of 1979 on the example of the Lubusz Land in a broad national context. The conditions in the country and the region were analysed in various domains of economic and social life: transport and communication, the energy and heating systems, trade and supply, and also in relation to industrial and agricultural problems. The then authorities’ incompetence was emphasised as a result of political system weaknesses, leading to numerous failures and organisational chaos.
PL
Artykuł dotyczy zimy stulecia 1979 r., której skutki przedstawiono na przykładzie Ziemi Lubuskiej w szerokim kontekście ogólnopolskim. Warunki w kraju i tytułowym regionie zostały przeanalizowane w różnych dziedzinach życia gospodarczego i społecznego: komunikacji i transporcie, systemie energetycznym i ciepłownictwie, handlu i zaopatrzeniu ludności, a także w odniesieniu do problemów przemysłu i rolnictwa. Zaakcentowano nieporadność ówczesnych władz, wynikającą ze słabości systemowych, czego efektem były licznie zaniedbania i chaos organizacyjny.
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