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W kręgu nauki, oświaty i polityki. O listach Kazimierza Twardowskiego do Ludwika Finkla

100%

Hoszowska M.

Kwartalnik Historii Nauki i Techniki

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2017

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vol. 62

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issue 3

7–36

EN

The author of this article presents the didactic-educational and social activity as well as some aspects of private life of one of the most eminent Lvov scientists working at the turn of the 19th and 20th centuries, Kazimierz Twardowski, who came to Lvov in 1895 to run the department of philosophy. He spent over 40 years in the city on the Poltva river and those years were filled with continuous work for the adepts of philosophical arts and dedicated to preparing professional researchers in philosophy. He managed to build a school not only thanks to his own abilities but also thanks to the university environment, in which he found a group of people thinking alike and sharing common values. Twardowski, who belonged to the group of researchers described as “people-institutions”, was warmly welcomed and supported by an outstanding professor in the Austrian history department and an extraordinary modern-history researcher in Lvov, Ludwik Finkl. They developed true friendship which lasted until the end of Finkl’s life (1930). It does not mean that there were no difficult moments in that relationship and that they agreed on every subject. They were able to distinguish between friendship and support. They highly valued their friendship, also in times when they argued or were supporting opposing sides of various issues. Their friendship was based on deep respect, all the more deeper because it assumed open and honest communication of different viewpoints in their arguments. This is the reason why Twardowski’s letters to Finkl are a valuable source of knowledge and their value is even higher if we consider the fact that in majority they come from the period when the philosopher ceased to continue his “Diary”. The article discusses the most important issues mentioned in their correspondence and they seem to be the ones indicated in the title of the article. The author is building a context for them, which allows to understand the views expressed by Twardowski, as well as certain actions taken by him.

2

Dwie koncepcje badań metafizycznych rozwijane w XX wieku w filozofii polskiej

75%

Marciniak D.

Człowiek i Społeczeństwo

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2022

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vol. 53

223-239

EN

The paper presents two different conceptions of metaphysics – scientistic and neoscholastic – developed in the 20th century by, among others, Polish philosophers: Stanisław Kamiński, Mieczysław Gogacz, Tadeusz Czeżowski and Zygmunt Zawirski. These authors refer to the problem of the possibility of conducting metaphysical research in contemporary philosophy. In this context, they examine issues such as the method, subject, and specificity of research carried out within metaphysics. In the summary, the discussed conceptions are compared with each other. The basic issues determining the similarities and differences between respective positions are the problem of the autonomy of metaphysics in relation to other sciences and the issue of the starting point (source of preliminary data) of metaphysical research. Findings regarding the latter issue turn out to be crucial for resolving the question of the appropriate model for research in metaphysics.

3

Pomiędzy filozofią a ideologią

63%

Konstańczak S.

Folia Philosophica

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2017

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vol. 38

EN

The article presents the situation of Polish philosophy in the post-war period, when there was an attempt to dominate science by Marxists. The culmination of this process happened during the session of the First Congress of Polish Science (29.06-2.07.1951). The Congress had a symbolic meaning for the Polish philosophy because along with the Congress independent philosophical magazines were closed, pre-war professors were dismissed, and also a social scientific movement was liquidated. The state authorities considered philosophy, next to law and history, as disciplines which were essential for the promotion of Marxist ideology. As a result, the pre-war research and didactic professors at universities were replaced by “educated Marxists”, for whom philosophy was only a discipline which served for ideological tasks. For many years it changed the way of practicing philosophy in Poland, the consequences of which can be felt to this day.

PL

Artykuł prezentuje sytuację w polskiej filozofii w okresie powojennym, gdy miała miejsce próba zdominowania nauki przez marksistów. Kulminacja tego procesu przypadła podczas obrad I Kongresu Nauki Polskiej (29.06 - 2.07.1951 r.). Kongres miał znaczenie symboliczne dla filozofii polskiej, gdyż wraz z jego przeprowadzeniem zamknięto niezależne czasopisma filozoficzne, odsunięto od dydaktyki przedwojenną kadrę profesorską, zlikwidowano także społeczny ruch naukowy. Władze państwowe uznały bowiem wówczas filozofię obok prawa i historii, za dyscypliny kluczowe dla propagowania ideologii marksistowskiej. W efekcie przedwojenne kadry naukowo-dydaktyczne w uczelniach wyższych zostały zastąpione przez „wykształconych marksistów”, dla których filozofia była tylko dyscypliną usługową wypełniającą zadania ideologiczne. Na wiele lat zmieniło to sposób uprawianiu filozofii w Polsce, czego konsekwencje odczuwa się po dzień dzisiejszy.

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W kręgu nauki, oświaty i polityki. O listach Kazimierza Twardowskiego do Ludwika Finkla

Dwie koncepcje badań metafizycznych rozwijane w XX wieku w filozofii polskiej

Pomiędzy filozofią a ideologią