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EN
Excavation of various types of burial grounds is one of the important tasks of archaeological research in the Czech Republic. The origin of necropolises is connected with ritual burials. The archaeologically excavated burial grounds become an important source of information about life and structure of the society, its cultural and economic level. They provide evidence about spiritual sphere, material culture, and furthermore they also contribute to solving chronological questions. With reference to the results of excavations made up to now, the burial grounds in Moravia can be divided e. g. according to: the place of establishing - in open space in rural area, or in the interiors of ecclesiastical buildings (churches, monastic complexes, cult formations), the way of burying (inhumation graves or cremated burials), the outer form (flat, barrow burials), the arrangement of graves (groups, rows, irregular) etc.
EN
One of the most attractive themes in archaeological research is the excavation of central places. These include early medieval centres which mirror the political and socio-economic relationships, reflecting the changes of their time. Zalavár-Vársziget is undoubtedly one of the most important fortified sites in Central Europe in the Early Middle Ages. Its short-lived existence from the 840s to the beginning of the 10th c. perfectly illustrates the rise and fall of Carolingian power in Pannonia. It was a place where important people of that time, including Pribina, Kocel, Methodius, and Arnulf, lived and worked. Its repeated occurrence in written historical sources also points to its significance. In these sources, it appears under various names, but especially as Mosaburg. Systematic archaeological excavation of the site has been conducted for approximately 70 years. Within the last decade, geophysical surveys followed field research. By comparing previous knowledge and new results from the geophysical prospection, we were able to, with the help of statistics and spatial analyses and evaluate the similarities and differences between the central area and its surroundings, identifying the basic characteristics of the individual parts of the site.
3
63%
Študijné zvesti
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2015
|
issue 57
111 - 139
EN
Non-destructive archaeological methods play a significant role in acquiring the information about archaeological sites. The most often used are geophysical methods, especially the magnetic and geoelectric ones. As part of the project CEVNAD, several geophysical measurements were carried out in the years 2010 to 2014, in the river basins of the Hron, Ipeľ and Žitava, as well as in the Košická kotlina and in the territory of Spiš. The excavation was done in such archaeological sites as settlements, fortified settlements, fortresses, temporary Roman camps, burial grounds, churches, fortified areas, etc. The main aim of the measurements was to acquire information, as precise as possible, on the nature of the explored settlement or the deserted architecture (its extent, form, orientation, size of the deserted walls). During five years, magnetic method was used to measure 46 archaeological sites, including such features as ground plans of long houses, channels, stoves, half sunken-floored houses, storage pits, clay pits, fortification systems – ditches, etc. Using GPR survey, 34 archaeological sites were measured during this period. Measurement was focused especially on deserted churches, interiors in churches and monasteries, as well as spaces in fortified areas. In several sites geophysical survey was followed by archaeological survey. The results obtained from the geophysical measuring and archaeological excavation could then be compared and confronted. In most cases, the results were the same.
EN
In literature, the hillfort in Svätý Jur is known as an important early medieval centre, dated back to the 9th century, most notably to its second half. However, the first evidence of the use of the site in the early medieval period comes from the 8th century. Part of the monuments could also belong to the first half of the 10th century. In addition to the central acropolis, which is defined by massive ramparts, the hillfort has two chronologically slightly younger baileys. The archaeological research took place here in the years 1957–1962 and restarted again in 2006. Nevertheless, information about the settlement density and its inner structure as well as the character of the fortification system is relatively modest. In this regard we tried to gain new knowledge by deploying a wide range of geophysical prospecting methods. Electrical Resistivity Tomography (ERT) and Geo-radar survey (GPR) measurements were carried out, focusing on the fortification elements of the hillfort. Within a third used method – magnetometry, we focused on the prospection of inner area of both outer baileys. On this count, it was possible to define the internal structure of the ramparts and identify some of the constructional elements of the wall, as well as to define the extent of the inhabited area and locate several settlement structures. From the methodological point of view, the comparison of geophysical data with the results of earlier archaeological research played an important role.
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