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The paper addresses bank governance and efficiency in an integrated manner, providing new findings and insight for future policy. The analysis gravitates around a representative set of financial institutions, comprising of all the Global Systemically Important Financial Institutions currently monitored by the European Banking Association. The empirical study had been developed on several complementary stages. Firstly, we applied a non-parametric approach to compute the technical efficiency which indirectly measures banks’ managerial efficiency in conducting the banking business. Secondly, we performed a panel data regression to uncover whether banks’ managerial efficiency is determined by boards of directors characteristics in terms of size, independence and gender diversity. Thirdly, we employed a panel data regression with fixed effects to assess if managerial efficiency and board’s features have an impact on several bank-level and banking system-level financial indicators. The findings show that managerial efficiency and banking indicators are determined by boards’ characteristics.
EN
An analysis has been conduced of the sales profitability and technical efficiency of selected groups of Polish farms in 2004-2006. These groups of farms differ in terms of size measured in ESU as well as in terms of agricultural type and form of ownership. It has been established that over 90% of farms owned by natural persons is characterised by insufficient technical efficiency. The average technical efficiency index for farms owned by legal persons reached the level of 0.75, whereas the index for farms belonging to natural persons and specialising, for example, in the production of milk proved to be 0.68. This means that outlays in the two groups of farms could be reduced by at least 20% and 27%, respectively, without a negative effect for their production results. There is evidence suggesting that about a half of all owners of farms is not interested in the improvement of their effectiveness and that the greater part of the remaining farm owners lacks the knowledge of management and marketing methods and even the knowledge of advanced techniques and technologies of agricultural production. In addition, they display weak pro-innovative attitudes.
EN
The factors that threaten human safety factors include the quality managing persons of crisis situations. A particularly important aspect of dealing with threats is the selection of employees for their personal predisposition to work in managerial positions. Proper cast these jobs is a condition for effective and efficient management of the entire system during the crises. Although it is difficult to create a perfect selection system, it is worth to seek creation of such conditions of recruitment of new employees and monitoring the work already employed to ensure the sound management of crises in emergency situations. This is essential for the safety, protection of human life and property. The author introduces the weight theme of personal characteristics and abilities that affect the quality of management. He also analyzes the issue of personal maladjustment symptoms, which can have negative effects on the functioning of the entire system.
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