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1

Increase of Military Forces of the Central European Barbarian Tribes preceding the Macromannic Wars

100%
Domanski G.
Przegląd Archeologiczny
|
2003
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vol. 51
159-166
EN
The Marcomannic wars were the turning-point in Imperium Romanum history. In spite of expected attack, Roman army met with a repulse. The Balkan and Danubian provinces were plundered. The barbarians reached northern Italy, threatening the centre of the Imperium. They begun the series of attacks on Imperium Romanum and were dangerous for its integration. The cause of success in Marcomannic wars was the increase of forces of Central European barbarian tribes, which was based on economic development, the consolidation of social structures and assimilating Roman patterns, especially in organization of forces.
2
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DIE FRAGE DES EINFLUSSES DER MARKOMANNENKRIEGE AUF DIE BEWAFFNUNG UND AUSRÜSTUNG DER BEVÖLKERUNG DES BARBARICUMS

80%
Biborski M., Kaczanowski P.
Študijné zvesti
|
2017
|
issue 62
171 - 180
EN
At the end of the older and in the beginning of the younger Roman period, no revolutionary changes are observable in the equipment and accoutrements of barbarian warriors in relation to the influx and intensity of changes. Sets of barbarian accoutrement documented at archaeological sites contribute to the conclusions that the Marcomannic wars and several decades after them did not bring any significant changes in the most frequently used accoutrement in Barbaricum, i. e. in shields and double-edged swords. The only change, approximately simultaneous with the horizon of the Marcomannic wars, is the end of use of single-edged swords in the whole European Barbaricum and spears in the Przeworsk culture area.
3

ZUR ALTHISTORISCHEN ERFORSCHUNG DER MARKOMANNENKRIEGE. EINE ANNÄHERUNG MIT AKTUALISIERTER CHRONIK DER JAHRE 166 BIS 180 N. CHR.

80%
Kehne P.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2016
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vol. 64
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issue 2
193 – 260
EN
Until now, no survey of the voluminous ancient history research on the Marcomannic wars has ever been published. This attempt starts with ancient terms for the small and major wars the Roman Empire had to wage against almost every German, Sarmatian or Dacian tribe beyond the Danube between 166 and 180 A. D. The common expression was ‘German or Marcomannic war’ (bellum Germanicum sive Marcomannicum); in official documents these wars were called expeditions, too (i. e. expeditio Germanica etc.). Next points of modern interest are listed, before the study notes dating-problems and few absolute or relative dates. The Section III deals with the most important descriptions and studies in order of their appearance from 1690 until 2010. The Section IV–V goes more into details with the few existing monographs and the relevant chapters in useful biographies of Marcus Aurelius and Commodus. The Section VI–VIII is concerned with certain presentations of the wars in books about Germanic peoples, military history and Roman provinces. The Section IX names recent and major works on Roman foreign policy, where those instruments of ancient international law are analysed, which Rome applied during the Marcomannic wars. The Section X focuses firstly on analyses and differentiated interpretations of the scenes depicted on the column of Marcus - which are far away from being a pictured history; and secondly on the discussion which periods of time they cover. The Section XII gives brief accounts of the research specialized in problems still unsolved, i. e. the time of invasion of the 6000 Langobardi and Obii (probably 166 or 167 A. D.), the dating of the great Germanic invasion into northern Italy leading to the destruction of Opitergium (170 A. D. according to the current communis opinio), the lightning miracle (sc. XI on the colum) and the rain miracle (sc. XVI) which definitely do not coincide. The Section XIII summarizes results of the latest research by bringing up to date the table of events.
4
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DIE ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN EVIDENZEN DER MARKOMANNISCH-SARMATISCHEN KRIEGE (166–180 N. CHR.) IN DEN DONAUPROVINZEN

70%
Gabler D.
Študijné zvesti
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2017
|
issue 61
21 - 40
EN
The coin-hoards were rarely found in the sites of destructions related to the Marcomannic Wars. Destruction-levels in the forts and towns of the Danubian provinces indicate the intensity of barbarian incursions in AD. 170. In Raetia and Noricum there were already earlier burnt layers recorded. The events of the Marcomannic Wars were indicated by destruction-levels dated by coins and samian ware. This pottery helps us to recognise the hints of the wars in forts, vici of auxiliary units, towns and settlements during the reign of Marcus Aurelius. On the basis of the finds we can obtain conclusions concerning barbarian incursions in AD 170 in Noricum and Upper Pannonia and invasion of Sarmatians in AD 178 in Lower Pannonia. The war caused a great damage in the provinces, which can be observed also by archaeological finds.
5
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ZUM WANDEL DER RÖMISCHEN SCHWERTAUSRÜSTUNG IM 2. JH. N. CHR. UND SEINEM STAND ZUR ZEIT DER MARKOMANNENKRIEGE

70%
Miks C.
Študijné zvesti
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2017
|
issue 62
113 - 136
EN
A comparison between archaeological well documented Roman Army swords of the 1st and otherwise of the 3rd century AD reveals clear differences in their kind of blades as well as in the designs of the hilts and scabbards. The present paper deals with the question, when and in which way the alterations took place during the 2nd century AD. Important clues for a serious scientific evaluation are thereby the archaeological small finds from the period of the Marcomannic Wars (AD 166–180) as well as the presented weapons on the reliefs of Traian’s Column (AD 113) in contrast to that on the Column of Marcus Aurelius (AD 179–183).
6
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MARCUS AURELIUS’ RAIN MIRACLE: WHEN AND WHERE?

70%
Kovács P.
Študijné zvesti
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2017
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issue 62
101 - 111
EN
In his paper the author deals with the two most important problems of the rain miracle during Marcus Aurelius’ campaign against the Quadi: where and when did it happen. After examining the written sources (esp. the accounts of Cassius Dio, the vita Marci of the Historia Augusta, Tertullianus and Eusebius and Marcus Aurelius’ forged letter) and the depictions of the Antonine Column in Rome (scenes XI and XVI), the author comes to the conclusion that there were two miracles (lightning and rain miracles: the former one in the presence of the emperor) the year could be 172 AD (but 171 cannot be excluded either) and the miracle happened probably in the borders of the Quadi and the Cotini.
7
Content available remote

MÄHREN ZUR ZEIT DER MARKOMANNENKRIEGE. FORSCHUNGSSTAND UND NEUE PROBLEME

70%
Tejral J.
Študijné zvesti
|
2017
|
issue 61
149 - 188
EN
The paper is devoted to the body of archaeological evidence relating to the Roman military presence at the time of Marcomannic Wars in the area north to the Danube and in Moravia (Czech Republic). It provides a summary of new information during the successive grant projects in the past twenty years. Special attention has been paid to the results of the long term excavations of the Roman fort at Mušov nearby Mikulov and it its neighbourhood. Furthermore the paper tries for a reappraisal of the dating and significant of the well-known princely grave discovered in the eighties of the past century in the vicinity of Roman fort and reveals new views on the problem of the aftermath of the wars and its chronology.
8

DIE BEZIEHUNGSGEFLECHTE GERMANISCHER ELITEN VOR UND NACH DEN MARKOMANNENKRIEGEN

61%
Voß H.-U.
Slovenská archeológia (Slovak Archaeology)
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2017
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vol. 65
|
issue 2
321 – 342
EN
The spectacular tombs of Mušov in Moravia (CZ) and Gommern near Magdeburg in Central Germany provide a deep insight into the self-understanding and internationality of Germanic elites before, during and after the Marcomannic wars. A synopsis of grave finds from the lower Elbe area, Central Germany and the region north of the middle Danube, clearly shows that contacts visible in the archaeological record between the lower Elbe area and the empire of Vannius, later the Markomannic-Quadic centre of power in present-day Moravia and Southwest Slovakia, existed from the Augustan-Claudian period up until after the Markomannic wars. At the same time, however, it becomes clear that during the 3rd cent. A. D. a distinct new orientation of the relations of the Germanic elites was taking place: away from the route to the middle Danube in the south via the central and southern Oder region, to a new connection upstream along the river Elbe to Central and Southwest Germany.
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